thorax 2

Question 1

cardiac plexus

Answer 1

• fibers from sympathetic trunk and vagus nerves
• right sympathetic SA node
• left sympathetic AV node

Question 2

aortic arches

Answer 2

• 2 common carotid
• esophageal
• 2 bronchial (arterial supply to lung)

Question 3

Which side has the longer intercostal artery?

Answer 3

• Right intercostal artery

Question 4

what happens to the intercostal nerves?

Answer 4

• enter white and gray rami communicates –> synpased in sympathetic chain –> gray rami (post ganglionic) go to skin and supply deep structures, but some form cardiac, esophageal plexus

Question 5

right thoracic duct

Answer 5

• drains 1/4 of upper quadrant of body (thorax, upper limb, head and neck of right side)
• empties into junction of right internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 6

left thoracic duct

Answer 6

• drains 3/4 of the lower body (lower limbs, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, lefter upper limb, left side of head and neck)
• passes through aortic opening of diaphragm and ascends through posterior mediastinum between aorta and azygous vein

Question 7

stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic)

Answer 7

• formed by fusion of inferior cervical ganglion with first thoracic ganglion

Question 8

lesser splanchnic nerve

Answer 8

• arises from T10-11 thoracic sympathetic ganglia and ends aorticorenal ganglion
• contain preganglionic GVE with cell bodies in intermediolateral cell column) of spinal cords and GVA fibers with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia

Question 9

myelinated preganglionic fibers

Answer 9

-synpase pre-aortic ganglion

Question 10

where is the thoracic duct located?

Answer 10

• between azygous vein and aorta

Question 11

least splanchnic nerve

Answer 11

• arises from T12 sympathetic ganglia and ends in renal plexus
• contain preganglionic GVE with cell bodies in intermediolateral cell column) of spinal cords and GVA fibers with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia

Question 12

greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 12

• T5-9
• contain preganglionic GVE with cell bodies in intermediolateral cell column) of spinal cords and GVA fibers with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia

Question 13

what type of cell bodies are found in the CN 9 or 10 ganglion?

Answer 13

-pseudounipolar

Question 14

where do the afferent fibers enter?

Answer 14

• pseudounipolar vagal ganglion

Question 15

T1-4 sympathetic fibers

Answer 15

• some ascend and synapse in superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia and return
• come back as postganglion SNS fibers will join plexuses

Question 16

Where do afferent fibers of PNS go?

Answer 16

• go back through dorsal root ganglia to the medulla oblongata

Question 17

where do the afferent fibers of the SNS go?

Answer 17

• go back through dorsal root ganglia of the sympathetic chain

Question 18

where does the superior epigastric artery enter the abdomen?

Answer 18

• behind the rectus abdominus muscles

Question 19

What are the three muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 19

1. internal oblique
2. external oblique
3. transversus abdominus

Question 20

where do the nerve fibers and the artery run?

Answer 20

• between the transversus abdominus and the internal oblique muscles

Question 21

what is special about the linea alba?

Answer 21

• not very vascularized

- will not heal well

Question 22

what are the first pair of arteries from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 22

• inferior phrenic artery (supply interior surface of diaphragm)

Question 23

what lies in between the right and left crus of the diaphragm?

Answer 23

• esophageal hiatus

Question 24

what is the significance of the median arcuate ligament?

Answer 24

• it is connective tissue that holds the diaphragm to the vertebrae
• continuation of the insertion of the diaphragm

Question 25

Vena cava hiatus

Answer 25

• lies in central tendon of diaphragm at level T8

- transmits the IVC and right phrenic nerve

Question 26

Esophageal hiatus

Answer 26

• lies in muscular part of diaphragm (right crus) at level of T10
• transmits esophagus and anterior and posterior trunks of vagus nerves

Question 27

Aortic hiatus

Answer 27

• lies behind/between two crura at level T12

- transmits aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein, *greater splanchnic nerve