Thorax 1

Question 1

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 1

• only bony attachment between appendicular and axial skeleton
• moves like ball and socket

Question 2

costal cartilages

Answer 2

• attachment between rib and sternum/manubrium

- rib 7-10 = costal arch

Question 3

Sternal angle

Answer 3

• junction between manubrium & body of sternum

Question 4

Floating ribs

Answer 4

• ribs 11 and 12

- connected only to vertebrae

Question 5

Rib 1

Answer 5

• flattest, widest, broadest, shortest

- lays under clavicle

Question 6

Rib 2

Answer 6

• 2X longer than rib 1

Question 7

Articulation of rib and vertebrae

Answer 7

• ex: T7 articulates rib 7 at superior articular facet of T7 and inferior articular facet of T6

Question 8

internal thoracic/mammary artery

Answer 8

• attached to subclavian artery superiorly and inferiorly to the superior epigastric artery

Question 9

muscles of thoracic cage

Answer 9

1. external intercostal
2. internal intercostal
3. transverse thoracis
4. innermost intercostal
5. subcostal
   - all innervated by ventral primary rami

Question 10

intercostal artery

Answer 10

• lays in between innermost and intercostal muscle

Question 11

collateral branches

Answer 11

NAV

• vein crosses over nerve and artery
• nerve crosses over artery
• only membranes cover these structures (closest to vertebrae), move laterally innermost covers them (hid behind them)

Question 12

phrenic nerve

Answer 12

• runs in fibrous pericardium with pericardiacophrenic (branch of internal thoracic artery) artery

Question 13

least splanchnic nerve

Answer 13

• more difficult to find

- diaphragm above it

Question 14

fibrous pericardium

Answer 14

• parietal pleura abutts against parietal pericardium

Question 15

central tendon of diaphragm

Answer 15

• adheres to diaphragm and parietal pericardium

Question 16

sternal angle

Answer 16

• T4-5

Question 17

Azygous vein

Answer 17

• right side
• formed by right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins
• drains into inferior vena cava
• enters thorax through aortic opening of diaphragm
• receives right intercostal veins and right superior intercostal vein, hemiazygous, and accessory hemiazygous

Question 18

Hemiazygous vein

Answer 18

• formed by union of left subcostal and ascending lumbar veins
• lower end connected to left renal vein
• drains vena cava

Question 19

right brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 19

• formed by right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

Question 20

left brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 20

• formed by left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

Question 21

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 21

• located immediately posterior to manubrium
• right and left formed superior vena cava
• inferior thyroid veins R and L drain here

Question 22

pulmonary ligament

Answer 22

• at hilum of lung, parietal pleura reverse itself and becomes visceral pleura
• parietal –> visceral pleura

Question 23

visceral pericardium

Answer 23

• covers the roots of the great vessels

Question 24

left pulmonary artery

Answer 24

• arches over the left primary bronchus

Question 25

right pulmonary artery

Answer 25

• under the arch of the right primary bronchus

Question 26

posterior mediastinum structures

Answer 26

• esophagus
• vagus
• azygous vein
• thoracic duct