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Human Anatomy > Thorax & Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax & Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Vagus nn

A

Parasympathetics to kidney walls, heart, foregut, midgut, 2/3 of transverse colon,

Autonomics: Pericardium

Somatic motor/Sens: Pharynx and Larynx via right and left recurrent laryngeal

Plexuses: Pulmonary, esophageal, cardiac

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2
Q

Phrenic nn.

A

Somatic: Pericardium

Sensory: mediastinum, diaphragm

Motor: diaphragm

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3
Q

Intercostal nn.

A

T1-T11, run in costal grooves

Runs between internal and innermost intercostal mm

Collateral branch runs thru inferior costal groove

Sensory of parietal pleura

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4
Q

Subcostal n

A

T12, Rib 12

Collateral branch inferior margin btwn internal and innermost IC mm

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5
Q

Pulmonary Plexuses

A

Mixed fibers from Vagus (parasymp, bronchoconstriction, gland secretion) and Cardiopulmonary Splanchnic nn (sympathetics, bronchodilation)

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6
Q

Iliohypogastric n

A

L1 - inferior to subcostal, superior to ilioinguinal

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7
Q

Ilioinguinal n

A

L1 - inferior to iliohypogastic, superior to lat. cutaneous. enters the inguinal canal

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8
Q

Genitofemoral n

A

L1-L2: sits atop psoas

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9
Q

Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh

A

L2-L3: lateral aspect of psoas

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10
Q

Femoral n

A

L2-L4: lateral to psoas

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11
Q

Obturator n

A

L2-L4: medial to psoas

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12
Q

Hindgut innervation

A

Parasympathetics: Pelvic splanchnic nerves to wall of hindgut organs

Sympathetics: lumbar splanchnic nerves to inferior mesenteric ganglion

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13
Q

midgut innervation

A

Parasympathetics: Vagus nn to wall of midgut organs

Sympathetics: Thoracic splanchnic nerves to celiac or superior mesenteric ganglion

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14
Q

foregut innervation

A

Parasympathetics: vagus nn to wall of foregut organs

Sympathetics: Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve to celiac ganglion

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15
Q

Foregut: Contents, blood supply, veins, lymphatics

A

Contents: Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Blood supply: Celiac trunk and branches

Venous drainage: gastric veins, splenic vein

Lymphatics: celiac lymph nodes to chyle cistern to thoracic duct

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16
Q

Midgut: Contents, blood supply, veins, lymphatics

A

Contents: distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Blood supply: SMA

Venous drainage: SMV

Lymphatics: superior mesenteric lymph nodes to chyle cistern to thoracic duct

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17
Q

Hindgut: Contents, blood supply, veins, lymphatics

A

Contents: Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Blood supply: IMA

Venous drainage: IMV

Lymphatics: inferior mesenteric lymph nodes to chyle cistern to thoracic duct

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18
Q

Greater Splanchnic n

A

T5-T9: foregut sympathetics, synapse at celiac ganglia

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19
Q

Lesser splanchnic n

A

T10-T11: midgut sympathetics, synapse at superior mesenteric ganglia

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20
Q

Least splanchnic n

A

T12: kidney sympathetics, synapse at renal ganglia

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21
Q

Kidney Innervation

A

Parasympathetics: Vagus to kidney wall

Sympathetics: thoracic splanchnic nn (least splanchnic) to renal ganglion

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22
Q

Adrenal innervation

A

Sympathetic only: Thoracic splanchnic nerves, mainly greater splanchnic n.

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23
Q

Lymph drainage of abdominal wall

A

superior to umbilicus: axillary nodes

inferior to umbilicus: superficial inguinal nodes

testes/ovaries: lumbar nodes

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24
Q

Unpaired branches of aorta

A

Supply primarily retroperitoneal organs, gonads, body wall

Contains:
Subcostal aa.

Inferior Phrenic aa –> superior suprarenal aa.

Middle suprarenal aa.

renal arteries –> inferior suprarenal aa.

Gonadal aa

Lumbar aa.

25
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

Had own mesentery during development.

HAD PAD

Horizontal, Ascending, Descending Duodenum

Pancreas, Ascending Colon, Descending Colon

26
Q

Primarily retroperitoneal organs

A

Pee and Poop are Primary:

Suprarenal glands, kidneys, ureters, bladder, esophagus, rectum, aorta, IVC

27
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Abdominal esophagus, superior duodenum, stomach, spleen, liver, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, signoid colon

28
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric ligament (liver to lesser curve of stomach),

hepatoduodenal ligament (liver to duodenum)

Omental foramen (deep to hepatoduodenal lig.)

portal triad (portal v, proper hepatic a., bile duct)

29
Q

Divisions of ribs

A

ribs 1-7: Vertebrocostal or True ribs

ribs 8-10: Vertebrochondral or False ribs

Ribs 11-12: Vertebral or Floating ribs

30
Q

Diaphragm openings

A

Caval Opening (T8): IVC

Esophageal Hiatus (T10): Right crus, esophagus

Aortic Hiatus (T12): Left & Right Crura, Aorta, Azygos v. thoracic duct

“I ate 10 eggs at noon”

31
Q

Anatomical warnings of breast cancer

A

Asymmetry in size, discharge from nipple, redness of skin,

dimpling - tumor pulling suspensory ligaments

retracted nipple: blocked areolar lymph nodes

abnormal contours: tumor pulling suspensory ligaments

Edema: tumor blocked lymph ducts

32
Q

Pleuritis

A

inflammation of pleura: pain w/ activity, audible friction

33
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air in pleural cavity

34
Q

Pleural effusion

A

hemothorax (blood), chylothorax (lymph)

Pools in costodiaphragmatic recess

thoracentesis to remove fluid from costodiaphragmatic recess

35
Q

Right lung impressions

A

SVC, Cardiac (Medial to hilum)

Arch of Azygos (superior to hilum)

esophagus (lateral to hilum)

36
Q

Left lung impressions

A

Cardiac (medial to hilum)

thoracic aorta (lateral to hilum)

Arch or Aorta (superior to hilum)

37
Q

Innervation of lungs and visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary plexuses: mixed fibers from Vagus and Cardiopulmonary Splanchnic nn

sympathetics: bronchodilation

Parasympathetics: bronchoconstriction, gland secretion

38
Q

Innervation of parietal pleura

A

IC and phrenic nn (mediastinal)

39
Q

Pericardial clinical correlations:

A

Pericarditis: audible friction, pain

Cardiac tamponade: blood/fluid in pericardium

Drainage by pericardiocentesis

40
Q

Auscultation of valves

A

Aortic Valve: 2nd IC, right sternal border

Pulmonary valve: 2nd IC, left sternal border

Tricuspid: 5th IC, near sternum

Bicuspid: 5th IC, distal

41
Q

Innervation of Heart

A

Sypmathetics: cardiopulmonary splanchnic nn to cardiac plexus

Parasympathetics: vagus nerve

42
Q

Branches of Thoracic Aorta

A

Bronchial: 1 pair

Esophageal: 3-5 pairs

Posterior intercostal: 9 pairs

Subcostal: 1 pair

43
Q

Clinical Correlation: Rectus sheath

A

inferior to arcuate line, rectus sheath only composed of transversalis fascia. Weak point. Hernia risk

44
Q

Innervation of Anterior Abdominal Wall

A

thoracoabdominal (from IC nn) nn (T6-T11)

Subcostal n (T12)

Iliohypogastric (L1)

Ilioinguinal (L1)

45
Q

Abdominal wall arteries

A

Posterior IC and Subcostal (outside sheath)

Superior epigastric (from internal thoracic a., posterior superior rectus abdominus )

Inferior epicastric (from external iliac a, posterior inferior rectus abdominus)

Superficial epigastric a. (from femoral, anterior inferior rectus abdominus)

46
Q

Caval-Caval anastomoses

A

Superior epigastric vv. to internal thoracic vv to SVC

Inferior epigastric vv to external iliac vv to IVC

47
Q

hiatial hernia

A

sliding: abdominal espohagus and cardiac stomach slide thru esophageal hiatus
paraesophageal: stomach fundus slides thru esophageal hiatus

48
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

push through abdominal fascia to enter posterior wall of inguinal canal

49
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

most common

hernia lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

herniate into deep inguinal ring and into inguinal canal

50
Q

Suspensory Muscle/Ligament of Treitz

A

supports flexure of ascending duodenum

51
Q

transverse colon innervation

A

proximal 2/3 vagus, distal 1/3 pelvic splanchnic nn.

52
Q

Lateral flexures

A

muscular inlets on rectum, help prevent incontinence

53
Q

Puborectalis

A

maintains anorectal flexure, prevents incontinence

54
Q

Portal system

A

3 main tributaries: Splenic vein, SMV, IMV

Blood from organs drain to portal vein, to the liver, to hepatic veins, to IVC

55
Q

Portal vein: Foregut

A

Right gastric, left gastric

Splenic: short gastric, left gastroomental

SMV: right gastro omental

56
Q

Portal vein: midgut

A

SMV, veins parallel arteries.

Ileal and Jejunal vv, iliocolic, right colic, middle colic vv

57
Q

Portal vein: hindgut

A

IMV veins parallel arteries

left colic, sigmoid, superiorrectal

58
Q

Portal Caval anastomoses

A
  1. Umbilicus - Caput madusae
  2. Distal esophagus - esophageal varices
  3. rectum/anus - rectal varices
  4. colon : hidden retroperitoneal varicies
59
Q

Adrenal Gland blood supply

A

Superior Suprarenal aa: from inferior phrenic aa

Middle suprarenal aa: from aorta

Inferior suprarenal aa: from renal aa

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