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Human Anatomy > Cranial Nerves/ Head and Neck Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves/ Head and Neck Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type, Function, Branches

A

Name: Olfactory Nerve

Foramen: Cribiform Plate

Function: Smell, olfactory bulbs

Fibers: Special Sensory

Branches: Olfactory Filaments

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2
Q

CN II

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type, Function, Branches, special notes

A

Name: Optic n.

Foramen: optic canal

Fibers: special sensory

Function: Retina, vision

optic chiasm anterior to pituitary

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3
Q

CN III

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type

A

Name: Oculomotor

Foramen: superior orbital fissure

Fiber type: somatic motor, parasympathetic

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4
Q

CN III

Function, Branches

A

Function:

Motor - Superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

Parasympathetic - Sphincter pulilae, ciliary muscle

Branches:

Superior Branch - n. to superior rectus, n. to levator palpebrae superioris

Inferior Branch - n. to medial rectus, ciliary ganglion, n. to inferior oblique, n. to inferior rectus

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5
Q

CN IV

Name, Foramen, Fibers, Function, Branches

A

Name: Trochlear n.

Foramen: Superior orbital fissure

Fibers: Somatic motor

Branches: n. to superior oblique

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6
Q

CN V

Name, named branches, foramen,

A

Name: Trigeminal

Main Branches:
V1 - Opthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

Foramen:
V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

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7
Q

CN V1 Name, Branches

A

Opthalmic N.

Branches:
Frontal –> Supratrochlear, Supraorbital (via supraorbital foramen)

Lacrimal

Nasociliary –> infratrochlear, Post./Ant. Ethmoidal, External Nasal, Long Ciliary, branch to short ciliary

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8
Q

CN V2 Name, Branches

A

Maxillary N.

Branches:
zygomatic

Infraorbital

Post/Ant superior alveolar

Nasopalatine

greater palatine (OG)

lesser palatine (OG)

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9
Q

CN V3 Name, Branches

A

Mandibular

Branches:

Tensor Tympani

Tensor Velli Palletini

Medial Pterygoid

Auriculotemporal

buccal

Lingual (joined by chorda tympani) –> n. to mylohyoid

Inferior Alveolar –> mental

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10
Q

CN V1 Functions

A

Opthalmic Sensory

meninges, orbit, cornea, conjunctive, nasal cavity lining, forehead, middle nose, frontal air sinuses

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11
Q

CN V2 Functions

A

Maxillary sensory:

meninges, maxilarry air sinus, gums, teeth of upper jaw, bony part of cheek

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12
Q

CN V3 Functions

A

Mandibular sensory:

meninges, mucosa of oral cavity, palate, sensation to ant 2/3 of tongue, gums, teeth of lower jaw, soft part of cheek, mandible

Mandibular motor:

Muscles of mastication - masseter, buccinator, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

tensor tympani, tensor palatini, mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric

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13
Q

CN VI

Name, foramen, fibers, function

A

Name: Abducens

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Fibers: general somatic motor

Function: Somatic Motor, lateral rectus

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14
Q

CN VII

Name, Foramen, Fibers

A

Name: Facial nerve

Foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Fibers: special sensory, general sensory, visceral motor, parasympathetic motor

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15
Q

CN VII

Functions

A

Name: Facial n.

Somatic motor functions:
muscles of facial expression, post. belly of digastric, stylohyoid

Special sensory functions:
taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue via chorda typmani

General Sensory: skin of auricle, skin of small area behind the ear

Parasympathetic functions:
lacrimal gland/masal oral mucosa, submandibular gland, sublingual gland,

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16
Q

CN VII

Branches

A 
Facial n. :
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Greater Petrosal
Chorda Tympani (meets with V3)
Posterior Auricular
N. to post. belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
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17
Q

CN VIII

Name, foramen, fibers, function

A

Name: Vestibulocochlear

Foramen: internal acoustic meatus

Fiber type: special sensory

Function: Special sensory for hearing and balance

Branches: vestibular, cochlear

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18
Q

CN IX

Name, Foramen, Fibers, Functions

A

Name: Glossopharyngeal

Foramen: Jugular Foramen

Fibers: Special sensory, general sensory, somatic motor, parasympathetic

Functions:

Special/general sensory - taste to post. 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus, carotid body

somatic motor:
stylopharyngeus

Parasympathetic:
Parotid gland

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19
Q

CN X

Name, foramen, fibers, branches

A

Name: Vagus

Foramen: Jugular Foramen

Fibers: General sensory, visceral sensory, special sensory, visceral motor, parasympathetic

Branches:

Pharyngeal

Superior laryngeal –> Internal laryngeal and external laryngeal

Recurrent laryngeal –> inferior laryngeal

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20
Q

CN X

Functions

A

Vagus

Sensory:
sensation to ear canal via auricular branch, Larynx mucosa, epiglottic taste

Motor: pharynx, larynx soft palate, upper 2/3 of esophagus

Parasympathetic: preganglionic fiber to thoracic and abdominal smooth muscle, viscera, glands

21
Q

CN XI

Name, foramen, fiber type, function, branches

A

Name: Spinal accessory

Foramen: Jugular foramen

Fibers: motor

Function: motor to SCM, trapezius

Branches: muscular

22
Q

CN XII

Name, foramen, fibers, function, branches

A

Name: Hypoglossal

Foramen: hypoglossal canal

Fibers: somatic motor

Function: somatic motor to all tongue muscles except palatoglossus (Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, intrinsic tongue)

Branches: styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus

23
Q

Nerve point of the neck

A 
Lesser occipital (C2)
Great Auricular (C2/C3)
Transverse cervical (C2/C3)
Supreclavicular (C3/C4)
24
Q

Cervical Plexus

Origins, nerves,

A

C1-C4 Anterior Rami

Transverse cervical n. (C2/C3)

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) superficial to carotid sheath

25
Q

Cervical Sympathetic Chain

A

Superior Cervical ganglion (C1-C4)

Middle Cervical Ganglion (C5-C6)

Inferior cervical ganglion (C7-C8)

Stellate ganglion (C7-T1)

26
Q

CN III Parasympathetic pathway

A

Midbrain –> CN III –> Sup. Orbital Fissure –> Otic Ganglion (SYNAPSE) –> short ciliary nn.(V1) –> sphincter pupilae and ciliary mm.

27
Q

CN III Sympathetic pathway

A

Sympathetic chain –> superior cervical ganglion (SYNAPSE) –> internal carotid plexus –> ciliary nerves (hitchhike) –> Dilator pupilae

28
Q

CN IX Parasympathetic Pathway

A

Medulla –> CN IX –> Jugular Foramen –> Tympanic N. –> Tympanic plexus –> lesser petrosal n. –> hiatus for lesser petrosal –> middle cranial fossa –> Foramen Ovale –> Otic Ganglion (SYNAPSE) –> auriculotemporal (HH, V3) –> Parotid Gland

29
Q

CN IX Sympathetic Pathway

A

Sympathetic Chain –> Superior Cervical Ganglion (SYNAPSE) –> External Carotid Plexus –> Parotid Gland

30
Q

CN VII, PPG Parasympathetics

A

Pons –> CN VII –> Internal Acoustic Meatus –> Greater Petrosal n. –> Hiatus for greater petrosal –> N. of Pterygoid Canal –> PPG (SYNAPSE) –> Branches of V2 (hitchhike) to nasal cavity and palate, Direct branches to lacrimal gland

31
Q

CN VII, PPG Sympathetics

A

Sympathetic Chain –> Superior Cervical Ganglion (SYNAPSE) –> Internal carotid Plexus –> carotid canal –> Deep petrosal N. –> Nerve of pterygoid Canal –> PPG –> Branches of V2 (HitchHike) to nasal cavity and palate

Lacrimal gland follows Para path

32
Q

CN VII, Submandibular Parasympathetics

A

Pons –> CN VII –> Internal Acoustic Meatus –> Chorda Tympani –> Lingual n. (Hitchhike, V3) –> Submandibular ganglion (SYNAPSE), lingual nerve (hitchhike) to sublingual gland, direct branches to sublingual and submandibular glands

33
Q

CN VII, Submandibular Sympathetics

A

Sympathetic Chain –> Superior Cervical Ganglion –> External carotid plexus –> Lingual and Facial aa. –> Submandibular and sublingual glands

34
Q

Sterns Laws

A

Tensor = CN V3

Palat = CN X

Gloss = CN XII

35
Q

Somatic Motor Nerves

A

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

CN III, Occulomotor: Levator Palpebrae Sup., SR, IF, MR, IO

CN IV, Trochlear: SO

CN V3, Mandibular: Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid (Muscles of Mastication), Tensor muscles

CN VI, Abducens: LR

CN VII, Facial n.: Muscles of facial expression

CN IX, Glossopharyngeus: Stylopharyngeus

CN X, Vagus: Larnx, Pharynx, Palate

CN XI, Spinal Accessory: Trapezius, SCM

CN XII, Hypoglossal: Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, intrinsic tongue

36
Q

Somatic Sensory Nerves

A

5, 7, 9, 10

CN V1, Opthalmic: orbit, central forehead, dorsal nose

CN V2, Maxillary: lateral forehead, lateral nose, nasal cavity, palate, upper teeth

CN V3, Mandibular: jaw, lower teeth, ear, temporal region

CN VII Facial: little region of external ear

CN IX, Glossopharyngeal: Posterior 1/3 of tongue (sensation + taste), pharynx, Middle ear

CN X, Vagus: Pharynx, larynx, External ear canal

37
Q

Visceral Sensory Nerves

A

9, 10

CN IX, Glossopharyngeal: carotid body and sinus

CN X, Vagus: Pharynx, thoracic, foregut, midgut viscera

38
Q

Special Sensory

A

1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

CN I, Olfactory: smell

CN II, Optic: Vision

CN V3, Lingual: taste to anterior 2/3

CN VII, Facial: taste to ant. 2/3 via chorda tympani

CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear: balance and hearing

CN IX: taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

CN X: taste to root of tongue

39
Q

CN Origins (2,2,4,4)

A

Forebrain: olfactory, optic

Midbrain: occulomotor, trochlear

Pons: Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear

Medulla: Glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

40
Q

CN Exits

A

1: cribiform plate
2: optic canal

3,4,5,6: Superior orbital fissure

5(2): foramen rotundum

5(3): Foramen ovale

7,8: Internal acoustic meatus

9,10,11: Jugular Foramen

12: hypoglossal canal

41
Q

Gag Reflex:

A

Sens: CN IX

Motor: CN X

42
Q

Cough Reflex

A

Sens/Motor: CN X

43
Q

Pupillary Light:

A

Sens: CN II

Motor: CN III

44
Q

Accomodation

A

Sens: CN II

Motor: CN III

45
Q

Corneal Blink

A

Sens: V1

Motor: VII

46
Q

Superior laryngeal

A

somatic motor (external laryngeal) and sensory (internal laryngeal)

47
Q

External laryngeal

A

motor to cricothyroid m

48
Q

Internal laryngeal

A

sensory from supraglottic larynx

49
Q

Inferior laryngeal

A

from recurrent laryngeal.

Motor to ALL INTERNAL LARYNGEAL MUSCLES

Unilateral damage = soft, breathy voice

Bilateral damage = no vocalization

Human Anatomy (17 decks)

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