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Human Anatomy > Abdominal Wall Anatomy > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 12 layers of the abdominal wall.

A
  1. Skin
  2. Camper Fascia
  3. Scarpa & Colle Fascia
  4. Superficial Investing Fascia
  5. External Oblique Muscle
  6. Intermediate Investing Fascia
  7. Internal Oblique Muscle
  8. Deep Investing Fascia
  9. Transversus Abdominus Muscle
  10. Transversalis Fascia
  11. Extraperitoneal Fat
  12. Parietal Peritoneum
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2
Q

Which 3 muscles compose the “flat muscles” of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. External Oblique
  2. Internal Oblique
  3. Transversus Abdominus
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3
Q

Fiber orientation of External Oblique

A

inferomedial (hands in pockets)

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4
Q

2 tissue types of external oblique muscle and border where tissue type changes

A

Muscular and aponeurotic

changes at MCL

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5
Q

Anterior Origin of External Oblique

A

Ribs 5-12

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6
Q

Insertion of External Oblique

A

Linea Alba, Pubic Tubercle, Anterior Iiac Crest

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7
Q

Innervation of External Oblique Muscle

A

Thoracoabdominal Nerve

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8
Q

The thoracoabdominal nerve originates from which roots?

A

T7-T11 and the subcostal nerve (T12)

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9
Q

Action of external oblique muscle.

A

flex and twist the trunk

compress/support viscera

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10
Q

The inferior margin of this muscle forms the inguinal ligament.

A

external oblique

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11
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from _____ to _____

A

ASIS to Pubic Tubercle

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12
Q

Fiber orientation of Internal Oblique

A

inferolateral (perpendicular to external oblique)

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13
Q

Origin of Internal Oblique

A

Thoracolumbar fascia (posterior)

Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest (lateral)

Tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

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14
Q

Insertion of internal oblique

A

inferior border of ribs 10-12 (posterior)

Linea Alba (anterior)

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15
Q

Innervation of internal oblique muscle

A

thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)

Subcostal nerve (T12)

L1 anterior Ramus

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16
Q

Actions of internal oblique

A

flex/rotate trunk

compress/support viscera

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17
Q

fiber orientation of transversus abdominus

A

transverse

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18
Q

origin of transversus abdominus

A

Costal Cartilage 7-12

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest

connective tissue deep to lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

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19
Q

insertion of transverse abdominus

A

linea alba

pubic crest

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20
Q

innervation of transversus abdominus

A

thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)

Subcostal nerve (T12)

L1 anterior ramus

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21
Q

Action of transversus abdominus

A

compress abdominal contents

no trunk movement

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22
Q

What are the 2 vertical abdominal muscles?

A

Rectus Abdominus

Pyramidalis muscle

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of rectus abdominus

A

O: pubic symphysis and crests

I: xiphoid process, 5-7 costal cartilage.

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24
Q

Innvervation of rectus abdominus

A

thoracoabdominal nerve (T7-T11)

Subcostal nerve (T12)

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25
Q

Action of rectus abdominus

A

flexion of trunk
stabilize tilt of pelvis
compress viscera

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26
Q

What tissue covers the rectus abdominus?

A

Rectus sheath

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27
Q

Origin and insertion of pyramidalis muscle

A

O: anterior surface of pubis

I: linea alba

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28
Q

Does pyramidalis sit deep or superficial to rectus abdominus?

A

superficial

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29
Q

What percentage of people do not have a pyramidalis muscle?

30
Q

Action of pyramidalis

A

tense linea alba

31
Q

Which two important arteries lie within the rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominus?

A

Superior Epigastric Artery

Inferior Epigastric Artery

32
Q

This line resides about one third of the distance between the umbillicus and the pubis

A

Arcuate line

33
Q

Above this point, the rectus sheath does not have a posterior layer.

Therefore, the rectus abdominus rests directly on thoracic wall

A

Above costal margin

34
Q

The anterior layer of the rectus sheath beneath the costal margin is composed of these two aponeurosis…

A

external oblique aponeurosis and anterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis

35
Q

The posterior layer of the rectus sheath beneath the costal margin is composed of these two aponeurosis…

A

posterior lamina of interior oblique aponeurosis

aponeurosis of transversus abdominus

36
Q

Below the arcuate line, the anterior rectus sheath is composed of which layers?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus

37
Q

Below the arcuate line, the posterior rectus sheath is composed of which layers?

A

None… only transversalis fascia

38
Q

Why do hernias tend to occur below the arcuate line?

A

no posterior rectus sheath

39
Q

4 major nerve groups which provide sensory innervation to anterolateral abdominal wall…

A

Thoracoabdominal nn. (T7-T11)

Subcostal n. (T12)

Iliohypogastric n. (L1)

Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

40
Q

thoracoabdominal nerves are continuation of intercostal nerves which run between which muscle layers?

A

Internal oblique and Transversus abdominus

41
Q

The anterior cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerves from T7-T9 innervate the skin where?

A

above the umbilicus

42
Q

The anterior cutaneous branch of thoracoabdominal nerve from T10 innervates the skin where?

A

at the umbilicus

43
Q

The anterior cutaneous branch of thoracoabdominal nerve from T11 innervates the skin where?

A

just below umbilicus

44
Q

The subcostal nerve’s anterior and lateral cutaneous branches provide sensory innervation of what region?

A

below umbilicus to iliac crest

45
Q

The anterior ramus of L1 splits into which two nerves?

A

iliohypogastric n.

ilioinguinal n.

46
Q

which branch of L1 lies superior, iliohypogastric or ilioinguinal?

A

iliohypogastric

47
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve provides motor innervation to which muscles?

A

internal oblique and transverse abdominus

48
Q

the iliohypogastric nerve provides sensory innervation where?

A

over iliac crest, upper iliac and hypogastric regions

49
Q

the ilioinguinal nerve provides motor innervation to which muscles?

A

inferior portion of internal oblique and transverse abdominus

50
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve provides sensory innervation to…

A

skin overlying low inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum/labia majora and medial thigh.

51
Q

In general, the neurovascular components of abdominal wall rest between these two muscles…

A

internal oblique and transverse abdominus

52
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of the _______ artery, a branch directly off of the subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery)

53
Q

Where is the anastomosis between superior and inferior epigastric arteries?

A

level of umbilicus

54
Q

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the ______ artery…

A

external iliac artery

55
Q

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery where?

A

superior to inguinal ligament

56
Q

The inferior epigastric artery travels superiorly in the ________ fascia, entering the rectus sheeth where?

A

transversalis fascia

below arcuate line

57
Q

This artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery which supplies the anterolateral parts of the diaphragm and hypochondriac area…

A

musculophrenic a.

58
Q

This artery is a branch of the external iliac artery which supplies the deep abdominal wall in the inguinal region

A

deep circumflex iliac artery

59
Q

This artery is a branch of the femoral artery and supplies the superficial inguinal region

A

superficial circumflex inguinal artery

60
Q

This artery is a branch of the femoral artery which supplies the superficial abdominal wall of the pubic and inferior umbilical regions of the abdomen

A

superficial epigastric artery

61
Q

These three arteries are direct branches of the aorta, and provide blood to the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries

subcostal artery

62
Q

Venous drainage of the skin overlying the abdominal wall is provided by a plexus of veins which drain into which 4 veins?

A
  1. internal thoracic (superomedial)
  2. Lateral Thoracic Vein (superolateral)
  3. /4. Superficial and inferior epigastric veins (inferior)
63
Q

The superficial and inferior epigastric veins drain to the ______ vein which drain into the _______ vein

A

external iliac v.

femoral v.

64
Q

Cutaneous veins around the umbilicus anastomose with the _______ veins, which are tributaries to the _______

A

paraumbilical veins

hepatic portal vein

65
Q

Caput medusa occurs when the portal vein refluxes to ______

A

paraumbilical/cutaneous venous anastomoses

66
Q

T or F:

The deep veins of the abdominal wall contain the same names as the arterial supply…

67
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus drain to which 2 major groups of lymph nodes…

A

axillary and parasternal nodes

68
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage inferior to the umbilicus drain to which group of lymph nodes?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

69
Q

The deep lymphatic drainage accompany the deep veins of the abdominal wall, and drain to which 2 groups of lymph nodes?

A

external and common iliac nodes

r/l lumbar nodes

70
Q

5 umbilical folds on the internal surface of the anterolateral abdominal wall…

A

Medial umbilical fold

R/L medial umbilical fold

R/L lateral umbilical fold

Human Anatomy (17 decks)

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