Thorax

Question 1

How is the trachea related to the oesophagus?

Answer 1

Trachea anterior

Question 2

What does the thoracic duct carry?

Answer 2

Lymph

Question 3

Where does the thoracic duct lie between?

Answer 3

“Duck between 2 gooses”
Thoracic DUCK
- Azygous “(azy-goose”)
- Oesophagus “(oesopha-goose”)

Question 4

What does the thoracic duct drain to?

Answer 4

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 5

Where does the right vagus nerve run in the thorax?

Answer 5

• Anterior: subclavian artery

- Posterior: Sternoclavicular joint

Question 6

Where does the left vagus nerve run in the thorax?

Answer 6

• Inferiorly
• Between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
• Posterior: Sternoclavicular joint

Question 7

What does the vagus nerve run in the thorax?

Answer 7

Inferior to lung hilum

Question 8

What does the phrenic nerve provide sensory innervation to? (3)

Answer 8

• Central diaphragm
• Pericardium
• Mediastinal and parietal pleura

Question 9

Where does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax?

Answer 9

Thoracic inlet

Question 10

How does vagus relate to the phrenic?

Answer 10

Vagus medial to phrenic

Question 11

Where does the phrenic nerve run in the thorax at first and where does it split?

Answer 11

Phrenic nerve runs posterior to subclavian vein then splits

Question 12

Where does the left phrenic nerve run in the thorax? (4)

Answer 12

• Anteriorly over the left subclavian artery
• Crosses aortic arch and vagus nerve
• Anterior to left hilum of lung
• Courses along left side of pericardium and left atrium

Question 13

Where does the right phrenic nerve run in the thorax? (3)

Answer 13

• Anteriorly over the right subclavian artery
• Anterior to right hilum of lung
• Courses along right side of pericardium and right atrium

Question 14

What artery supplies the anterior chest wall?

Answer 14

Internal thoracic (mammary)

Question 15

What artery does the internal thoracic branch from?

Answer 15

Subclavian artery

Question 16

What arteries does the internal thoracic supply?

Answer 16

Upper 6 pairs of anterior intercostal arteries

Question 17

What does the internal thoracic supply?

Answer 17

Anterior chest wall (ncluding sternum and breasts)

Question 18

What procedure is the internal thoracic often used in?

Answer 18

Coronary artery bypass graft

Question 19

How many anterior intercostal arteries lie in the intercostal spaces?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What artery supplies the pairs of anterior intercostal arteries in the 7-9th intercostal spaces?

Answer 20

Musculophrenic artery (2nd division of internal thoracic artery)

Question 21

What intercostal spaces don’t have anterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 21

10-11

Question 22

How many posterior intercostal arteries lie in the posterior intercostal spaces?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

What are the upper 2 posterior intercostal arteries branches of?

Answer 23

Subclavian artery

Question 24

What are the lower 3-11 posterior intercostal arteries branches of?

Answer 24

Descending thoracic aorta

Question 25

How many posterior intercostal veins are there on each side?

Answer 25

11

Question 26

What does the posterior intercostal vein in the 1st posterior intercostal space drain to?

Answer 26

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 27

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 2-4th posterior intercostal spaces drain to?

Answer 27

Superior intercostal vein - azygous vein

Question 28

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 4-12th posterior intercostal spaces drain to on the right?

Answer 28

Azygous

Question 29

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 4-12th posterior intercostal spaces drain to on the left?

Answer 29

Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous

Question 30

How many anterior intercostal veins are there in each anterior intercostal space?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

What do the anterior intercostal veins drain to?

Answer 31

Internal thoracic vein

Question 32

What level does the azygous vein arise from?

Answer 32

T12

Question 33

What does the azygous vein arch over?

Answer 33

Right main bronchus

Question 34

What does the azygous vein drain to and at what level?

Answer 34

T4: superior vena cava

Question 35

What does the azygous vein receive? (2)

Answer 35

- 8x posterior intercostal veins | - Right lung bronchial veins

Question 36

Where does the azygous vein join with the accessory hemiazygous and hemiazygous?

Answer 36

T8/T9

Question 37

What does the accessary hemiazygous vein drain? (2)

Answer 37

- Left posterior intercostal veins 4th-8th | - Left bronchial vein

Question 38

Where is the accessary hemiazygous vein located?

Answer 38

Longitudinal on the left of vertebral bodies

Question 39

What does the hemiazygous drain?

Answer 39

9-11 left posterior intercostal veins

Question 40

Where does sensory supply to the intercostal nerves come from?

Answer 40

Thoracic spinal nerves from ventral primary rami

Question 41

Where does sympathetic supply to the intercostal nerves come from?

Answer 41

Sympathetic trunk via rami communicans