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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

How is the trachea related to the oesophagus?

A

Trachea anterior

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2
Q

What does the thoracic duct carry?

A

Lymph

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3
Q

Where does the thoracic duct lie between?

A

“Duck between 2 gooses”
Thoracic DUCK
- Azygous “(azy-goose”)
- Oesophagus “(oesopha-goose”)

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4
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain to?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

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5
Q

Where does the right vagus nerve run in the thorax?

A
  • Anterior: subclavian artery

- Posterior: Sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

Where does the left vagus nerve run in the thorax?

A
  • Inferiorly
  • Between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
  • Posterior: Sternoclavicular joint
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7
Q

What does the vagus nerve run in the thorax?

A

Inferior to lung hilum

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8
Q

What does the phrenic nerve provide sensory innervation to? (3)

A
  • Central diaphragm
  • Pericardium
  • Mediastinal and parietal pleura
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9
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax?

A

Thoracic inlet

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10
Q

How does vagus relate to the phrenic?

A

Vagus medial to phrenic

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11
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve run in the thorax at first and where does it split?

A

Phrenic nerve runs posterior to subclavian vein then splits

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12
Q

Where does the left phrenic nerve run in the thorax? (4)

A
  • Anteriorly over the left subclavian artery
  • Crosses aortic arch and vagus nerve
  • Anterior to left hilum of lung
  • Courses along left side of pericardium and left atrium
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13
Q

Where does the right phrenic nerve run in the thorax? (3)

A
  • Anteriorly over the right subclavian artery
  • Anterior to right hilum of lung
  • Courses along right side of pericardium and right atrium
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14
Q

What artery supplies the anterior chest wall?

A

Internal thoracic (mammary)

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15
Q

What artery does the internal thoracic branch from?

A

Subclavian artery

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16
Q

What arteries does the internal thoracic supply?

A

Upper 6 pairs of anterior intercostal arteries

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17
Q

What does the internal thoracic supply?

A

Anterior chest wall (ncluding sternum and breasts)

18
Q

What procedure is the internal thoracic often used in?

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

19
Q

How many anterior intercostal arteries lie in the intercostal spaces?

A

2

20
Q

What artery supplies the pairs of anterior intercostal arteries in the 7-9th intercostal spaces?

A

Musculophrenic artery (2nd division of internal thoracic artery)

21
Q

What intercostal spaces don’t have anterior intercostal arteries?

A

10-11

22
Q

How many posterior intercostal arteries lie in the posterior intercostal spaces?

A

1

23
Q

What are the upper 2 posterior intercostal arteries branches of?

A

Subclavian artery

24
Q

What are the lower 3-11 posterior intercostal arteries branches of?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

25
Q

How many posterior intercostal veins are there on each side?

A

11

26
Q

What does the posterior intercostal vein in the 1st posterior intercostal space drain to?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

27
Q

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 2-4th posterior intercostal spaces drain to?

A

Superior intercostal vein - azygous vein

28
Q

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 4-12th posterior intercostal spaces drain to on the right?

A

Azygous

29
Q

What do the posterior intercostal veins in the 4-12th posterior intercostal spaces drain to on the left?

A

Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous

30
Q

How many anterior intercostal veins are there in each anterior intercostal space?

A

2

31
Q

What do the anterior intercostal veins drain to?

A

Internal thoracic vein

32
Q

What level does the azygous vein arise from?

A

T12

33
Q

What does the azygous vein arch over?

A

Right main bronchus

34
Q

What does the azygous vein drain to and at what level?

A

T4: superior vena cava

35
Q

What does the azygous vein receive? (2)

A
  • 8x posterior intercostal veins

- Right lung bronchial veins

36
Q

Where does the azygous vein join with the accessory hemiazygous and hemiazygous?

A

T8/T9

37
Q

What does the accessary hemiazygous vein drain? (2)

A
  • Left posterior intercostal veins 4th-8th

- Left bronchial vein

38
Q

Where is the accessary hemiazygous vein located?

A

Longitudinal on the left of vertebral bodies

39
Q

What does the hemiazygous drain?

A

9-11 left posterior intercostal veins

40
Q

Where does sensory supply to the intercostal nerves come from?

A

Thoracic spinal nerves from ventral primary rami

41
Q

Where does sympathetic supply to the intercostal nerves come from?

A

Sympathetic trunk via rami communicans

Anatomy (10 decks)

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