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Anatomy > FOM - Tissues and Terminology > Flashcards

FOM - Tissues and Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 planes of viewing?

A
  • Sagittal
  • Transverse/axial
  • Frontal/Coronal
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2
Q

What is the sagittal plane of viewing?

A

Divides the body into left and right

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3
Q

What is the coronal plane of viewing?

A

Divides the body into front and back

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4
Q

What is the transverse plane of viewing?

A

Divides the body into top and bottom

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5
Q

What is the anatomical position? (4)

A
  • Erect position of the body
  • Face directed forward
  • Arms at side
  • Palms of hands faced forward
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6
Q

What is flexion?

A

The bending of a joint so that the bones forming it are brought towards each other

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7
Q

What is extension?

A

The act of extending/stretching; the limb is straightened

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8
Q

What is abduction?

A

To move a limb/any other part away from the midline

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9
Q

What is circumduction?

A

A circular movement by a limb

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10
Q

What is internal/medial rotation?

A

A rotation towards the centre of the body

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11
Q

What is adduction?

A

To move a limb/any other part away towards the midline

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12
Q

What is circumduction?

A

A circular movement by a limb

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13
Q

What is axial rotation?

A

Rotary motion of an object around its own axis

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14
Q

What is external/lateral rotation?

A

Rotation away from the centre of the body

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15
Q

What is axial rotation?

A

Rotary motion of an object around its own axis

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16
Q

What is pronation?

A

Facing the palm upwards

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17
Q

What is supination?

A

Facing the palm downwards

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18
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

Pushing toes downwards towards the sole of the foot

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19
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Pushing toes upwards towards the dorsum of the foot

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20
Q

What is inversion?

A

Toes going inwards

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21
Q

What is eversion?

A

Toes going outwards

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22
Q

What is depression?

A

Movement below the horizontal

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23
Q

What is elevation?

A

Movement above the horizontal e.g shrugging

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24
Q

What is protraction?

A

Movement of body part in anterior direction e.g being drawn forwards

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25
Q

What is retraction?

A

Movement of body part in posterior direction e.g being drawn backwards

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26
Q

What is lateral flexion?

A

Tilting of head/torso from side to side

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27
Q

What is ulnar deviation?

A

Wrists bending towards little finger (medially)

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28
Q

What is radial deviation?

A

Wrists bending towards thumb (laterally)

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29
Q

Define anterior

A

Towards the front of the body

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30
Q

Define posterior

A

Towards back of the body

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31
Q

Define superior

A

Towards head

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32
Q

Define inferior

A

Towards feet

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33
Q

Define superficial

A

Situated uppermost in relation to another structure

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34
Q

Define deep

A

Situated downwards in relation to another structure

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35
Q

Define proximal

A

Close to point of attachment/medial line of body

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36
Q

In digestion, what does proximal mean?

A

Close to anus

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37
Q

Define distal

A

Away from point of attachment/medial line of body

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38
Q

In digestion, what does distal mean?

A

Close to mouth

39
Q

Define medial

A

Towards midline

40
Q

Define distal

A

Away from midline

41
Q

Define median

A

The mdline

42
Q

Define palmar

A

Of the palm

43
Q

Define plantar

A

Of the foot sole

44
Q

Define dorsal

A

Backside (i.e posterior)

45
Q

Define ventral

A

Towards front of body (i.e anterior)

46
Q

Define cranial

A

Head end of body view

47
Q

Define caudal

A

Lower end of body view

48
Q

Define rostral

A

Pre head development = front end of body

49
Q

What is opposition?

A

Movement of thumb towards fingers

50
Q

What is reposition?

A

Movement of thumb away from fingers

51
Q

Label a vertebrae

A

See notes

52
Q

What are the types of vertebrae in order?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
53
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

54
Q

Give the distinctive features of cervical vertebrae (4)

A
  • Relatively small body
  • Much wider vertebral foramen (trianglar)
  • Spinous processes bifurcated in most
  • Transverse processes have foramen (passageways for vertebral arteries and veins)
55
Q

What is C1 called?

A

Atlas

56
Q

What is C2 called?

A

Axis

57
Q

What is distinctive in atlas?

A

No spinous processes/body

58
Q

What is distinctive in axis?

A
  • Strongest cervical vertebrae

- Has dens - superior projection from vertebral body

59
Q

Label a cervical vertebrae

A

See notes

60
Q

Label atlas

A

See notes

61
Q

Label axis

A

See notes

62
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

63
Q

What are the distinctive features of the thoracic vertebrae? (4)

A
  • Heart shaped body
  • Smaller foramen than cervical/lumbar
  • Long spinous processes, project downwards and backwards
  • Have costal facets on transverse processes to articulate with ribs tubercles
  • Have demifacets on body to articulate with heads of ribs
64
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae articulate with 2 pairs of ribs?

A

T1-T8

65
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae articulate with a single pair of rib?

A

T9-T12

66
Q

Why are the thoracic vertebrae limited in mobility?

A

Due to attachment to ribs

67
Q

Label a thoracic vertebrae

A

See notes

68
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

69
Q

What are the distinctive features of the lumbar vertebrae? (2)

A
  • Massive thick oval body (heavier)

- Spinous process is short and thick

70
Q

Why are lumbar vertebrae heavier?

A

Must support large weight

71
Q

Label a lumbar vertebrae

A

See notes

72
Q

How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?

A

5

73
Q

What does the sacrum look like?

A

Broad, like a stingray

74
Q

What does the sacrum attach?

A

Pelvic girdle to skeleton

75
Q

What is coccyx made up of?

A

3-5 often fused vertebrae

76
Q

What is the coccyx an attachment site for?

A

Muscles and ligaments

77
Q

What parts of the vertebrae contact vertebrae above and below?

A
  • Body

- Articular process

78
Q

Between which vertebral feature are the intervertebral discs found?

A

Body

79
Q

What type of joint are the intervertebral discs?

A

Secondary cartilaginous - fibrocartilaginous (symphisis)

80
Q

Which vertebrae do not have intervertebral discs?

A

Between C1 + C2

Coccyx

81
Q

What movements can the vertebrae carry out?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral flexion
  • Rotation
82
Q

Name all 4 spinal curvatures

A
  • Cervical lordosis
  • Thoracic kyphosis
  • Lumbar lordosis
  • Sacral kyphosis
83
Q

What is a lordosis?

A

A posterior concavity

84
Q

What is a kyphosis?

A

An anterior concavity

85
Q

Which curvatures develop in the foetal period?

A

Thoracic and sacral kyphosises

86
Q

Which curvatures develop in infancy?

A

Lumbar and cervical lordosis

87
Q

When does the cervical lordosis develop?

A

When a baby lifts its head

88
Q

When does the lumbar lordosis develop?

A

Upright position when an infant walks

89
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are atypical?

A
  • T1

- T9-T12

90
Q

Why is T1 atypical?

A

Has a superior facet not a demifacet, resembles lower cervical vertebrae

91
Q

Why is T9 atypical?

A

No inferior demifacet

92
Q

Why is T10 atypical?

A

Single pair of whole facets present to articulate with 10th rib
Across body and pedincle

93
Q

Why is T11-T12 atypical?

A

SIngle pair of entire costal facets on pedincles

94
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

Anatomy (10 decks)

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