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Anatomy > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Label the external carotid artery branches

A

(find diagram)

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2
Q

What are the external carotid artery branches (superior to inferior)? (6)

A
  • Superficial temporal
  • Maxillary
  • Occipital
  • Facial
  • Lingual
  • Superior thyroid
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3
Q

Label the internal features of the heart (9)

A
  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right auricle
  • Left auricle
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Chordae tendinae
  • Papillary muscles
  • Trabeculae cornae
    (find diagram)
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4
Q

Label anterior view of the heart (with vessels and valves)

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Braciocephalic trunk

(find diagram)

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5
Q

What 2 parts is the right atrium made up of?

A 
Sinus venarum (smooth wall)
Atrium proper
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6
Q

What surrounds the vena cava opening in the right atrium?

A

Sinus venarum

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7
Q

Label posterior view of the heart (with vessels and valves)

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Braciocephalic trunk

(find diagram)

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8
Q

Describe the pathway of blood

A

Superior/inferior vena cava == right atrium == right ventricle == pulmonary trunk == lungs == pulmonary veins == left atrium == left ventricle == aorta

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of valves?

A
  • Atrioventricular valve

- Semilunar valve

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10
Q

What is the left atrioventricular valve also known as?

A

Bicuspid/mitral valve

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11
Q

Between which chambers is the bicuspid/mitral valve positioned? (2)

A
  • Left atrium

- Left ventricle

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12
Q

How many cusps does the left atrioventricular valve have?

A

2

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13
Q

What is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?

A

Tricuspid valve

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14
Q

Between which chambers is the tricuspid valve positioned? (2)

A
  • Right atrium

- Right ventricle

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15
Q

How many cusps does the right atrioventricular valve have?

A

3

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16
Q

Between which chamber and vessel is the aortic semilunar valve positioned?

A
  • Aorta

- Left ventricle

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17
Q

Between which chamber and vessel is the pulmonary semilunar valve positioned?

A
  • Pulmonary artery

- Right ventricle

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18
Q

How many cusps does the left atrioventricular valve have?

A

2

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19
Q

Identify the coronary arteries on an anterior view of the heart

A

List

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20
Q

Identify the coronary arteries on a posterior view of the heart

A

List

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21
Q

Identify the venous drainage of the heart

A

Diagram

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22
Q

Where does the coronary sinus collect venous blood from?

A

Myocardium

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23
Q

What does the right coronary artery arise from?

A

Aorta

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24
Q

What are the main branches of the right coronary arteyr?

A
  • Right marginal artery

- Posterior interventricular artery/right posterior descending artery

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25
Q

What do the right coronary arteries supply?

A
  • SAN
  • AVN (70% individuals)
  • Right ventricle
  • Right atrium
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26
Q

What are the main branches of the left coronary artery?

A
  • Left anterior descending (LAD) artery

- Splits into left marginal artery and left circumflex artery

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27
Q

What is the left anterior descending artery paired with?

A

Great cardiac vein

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28
Q

What is the left circumflex artery paired with?

A

Coronary sinus

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29
Q

What is the left marginal artery paired with?

A

Small cardiac veins

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30
Q

What do the left coronary arteries supply?

A

Left side of the heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium)

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31
Q

What does the left anterior descending artery supply?

A

The front of the left side of the heart

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32
Q

What does the circumflex artery supply?

A

The outer side and back of the heart

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33
Q

What supplies the heart septum? (2)

A
  • Left anterior descending artery

- Right coronary artery

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34
Q

What does the coronary sinus empty into?

A

Pulmonary artery in right atrium

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35
Q

What are the branches of the coronary sinus? (3)

A
  • Great cardiac vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein
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36
Q

Describe the conducting system of the heart

A

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) (SAN) == atrioventricular node (AVN) == bundle of his == splits into left bundle branches and right bundle branches == subendocardial (Purkinje) fibres

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37
Q

Label conducting system of the heart diagram

A

See notes

- Inc. annulus fibrosis and moderator band

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38
Q

Where does the left anterior descending artery bifurcate?

A

Towards apex

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39
Q

Which direction does the right marginal artery run in?

A

Anteriorly

40
Q

Which direction does the posterior interventricular artery run in?

A

Posteriorly

41
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis? (2)

A
  • Ridge of fibrous tissue Insulates atria from ventricles

- Ensures delay before atrial connection

42
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

Muscular band of heart tissue in right ventricle

43
Q

What is the purpose of the moderator band?

A

Connects right bundle branch to papillary muscles to spread contractility

44
Q

What is the sympathetic supply to the heart?

A

Cervical and upper thoracic ganglia

45
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the heart?

A

Vagus nerve

46
Q

What plexi do the nervous supply to the heart originate from? (2)

A
  • Superficial cardiac plexus

- Deep cardiac plexus

47
Q

What are the parts of the right atrium? (2)

A
  • Sinus venarum (smooth wall)

- Atrium proper

48
Q

What does the sinus venarum surround?

A

Vena cavae and coronary sinus opening

49
Q

What is the depression in the right atrium of the heart called?

A

Fossa ovalis

50
Q

What is the fossa ovalis at the level of?

A

The interatrial septum

51
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Remenant of covering of foramen ovale

52
Q

Through what vessels does blood enter the right atrium? (3)

A
  • Superior VC
  • Inferior VC
  • Coronary veins
53
Q

What muscle makes up the right atrium?

A

Pectinate muscle

54
Q

What is the wall of the right ventricle like?

A

Sponge like

55
Q

Why is the wall of the right ventricle sponge like?

A

Due to trabeculae carnae

56
Q

What is the conus arteriosus also known as?

A

Infundibulum

57
Q

What does the right ventricle taper off superiorly to form?

A

Conus arteriosus

58
Q

What is the conus arteriosus?

A

Arterial cone shaped projection from which pulmonary artery rises in right ventricle

59
Q

What is the moderator band also known as?

A

Septomarginal trabecula

60
Q

What are the two parts of the left atrium?? (2)

A
  • Inflow portion

- Outflow portion

61
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located? (2)

A
  • Apex of the conus arteriosus

- Level of 3rd costal cartilage

62
Q

Describe the sinus venarum (2)

A
  • Smooth

- Thin walled

63
Q

Where is the sinus venarum located in the right atrium?

A

Posteriorly inferiorly

64
Q

Which parts of the right atrium are made up of pectinate muscles? (2)

A
  • Right auricle

- Atrium proper

65
Q

What are the superior parts of the atria known was?

A

Auricles

66
Q

What is the outflow portion of the left atrium? (3)

A
  • Includes left auricle
  • Anterior
  • Lined by pectinate muscle
67
Q

What is the inflow portion of the left atrium? (2

A
  • Smooth

- Derived from pulmonary veins

68
Q

The walls of the left atrium are smooth apart from which part?

A

Outflow portion (inc. left auricle)

69
Q

What are trabeculae carnae?

A

Thick muscular ridges covering walls of ventricles

70
Q

How is the wall of the left ventricle different to the wall of the right ventricle? (2)

A
  • Thicker

- Finer and more numerous trabeculae carneae

71
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Double walled fibroserous membrane enclosing the heart

72
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep? (3)

A
  • Fibrous pericardium

- Serous pericardium: (parietal and visceral)

73
Q

What is fused to the fibrous pericardium inferiorly?

A

Great vessels

74
Q

What is superior to the fibrous pericardium?

A

Central diaphragm

75
Q

Does the fibrous pericardium stretch easily?

A

No

76
Q

What is the thickness of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Thick

77
Q

What is the thickness of the serous pericardium?

A

Thin

78
Q

What is the parietal serous pericardium adhered to?

A

Internal surface of fibrous pericardium

79
Q

What is the visceral serous pericardium adhered to?

A

The heart

80
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the serous pericardium?

A

Simple squamous

81
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Potential space between fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

82
Q

What is the pericardial cavity filled with?

A

Lubricating serous fluid

83
Q

What is the function of the pericardial cavity? (2)

A
  • Lubrication

- Prevents overflowing

84
Q

What are the two types of sinus? (2)

A
  • Oblique sinus

- Transverse sinus

85
Q

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus located? (2)

A
  • Posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk and left atrium

- Anterior to SVC

86
Q

Where is the oblique pericardial sinus located?

A

Posterior to left atrium

87
Q

What is the nerve supply to the visceral serous pericardium? (2)

A
  • Sympathetic trunk

- Vagus nerve

88
Q

What is the nerve supply to the parietal serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve

89
Q

Label the sinuses on a diagram

A

See notes

90
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A

h

91
Q

What supplies the AV node?

A

Posterior descending branch from RCA/LcX

92
Q

What does it mean to have a right dominant heart?

A

Posterior descending branch supplying AV node = from RCA

93
Q

What is the most common form of heart dominance?

A

Right

94
Q

What does it mean to have a left dominant heart?

A

Posterior descending branch supplying AV node = from lCx

95
Q

What does the posterior decending branch rom RCA/lCx supply? (2)

A
  • L inferior ventricular wall

- Part of R inferior ventricular wall (AV node)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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