Thorax 4 Lungs Flashcards
1
Q
Pneumonia
A
- inflammation of the lungs
- usually caused by bacteria
Types according to area of lung: Alveolar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia
Types accoridng to location pneumonia acquired from: community acquired, hospital acquired, aspiration, ventialator associated
2
Q
Alveolar Pneumonia
A
- usually acute
- lungs fill with inflammatory exudate
- most common
3
Q
Bronchopneumonia
A
patchy inflammation
- involves alveoli of more than 1 lobe
usually in basilar
4
Q
Lobar pneumonia
A
- consolidation of an entire lobe
5
Q
Interstitial pneumonia
A
- inflammation in septa
- diffuse and bilateral
- usually viral
6
Q
Heart
A
- cone shaped muscular organ
- four chamber: two atria, two ventricles
- double pump: two ventricles
- Two circulations: systemic circuit: blood vessels that transport blood to and from all the body tissues; pulmonary circuit: blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
7
Q
Heart’s position
A
- In mediastinum: behind sternum and pointing let, lying on the diaphragm
- weighs 250-350 gm about 1 pound
- fixed posteriorly to pericardial wall, opposite T5-T8 bodies
- consists of : left atrium, small portion of right atrium, proximal parts of great veins
8
Q
Diaphragmatic Surface
A
- consists of : left ventricle + partial right ventricle
- separated from base by the coronary sinus then extending from the base to the apex
- posterior interventricular groove separates ventricles on diaphragmatic surface
9
Q
Pericardium
A
Three Layer: Fibrous pericardium, Serous pericardium ( parietal layer, visceral layer),
10
Q
Pericarditis
A
inflammation of the pericardium most likely due to a viral infection
11
Q
Cardiac Tamponade
A
- clinical syndrome caused by the acuumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise
12
Q
Layers of Heart Wall
A
The layers from out to in:
Epicardium= visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium= the muscle
Endocardium= lining the chambers
13
Q
Right Atrium
A
- receives blood from the svs, ivs, and coronary sinus
- crista terminalis: smooth, muscular ridge; separate right atrium into 2 spaces
- sinus venarum: space posterior to crista terminalis; smooth, thin walls
- atrium proper: space anterior to crista terminalis; pectinate muscles cover walls
14
Q
right ventricle
A
- receives blood from right atrium
- trabeculae carnae: muscular ridges on inner wall of R. ventricle
- Septomarginal trabecula: between lower portion of inter-ventricular septum and base of papillary m
- papillary muscle: specialized trabeculae
- chordae tendinae:
15
Q
left artrium
A
- receives blood from pulmonary circulation
- posterior half: smooth walls, entry of pulmonary v
- anterior half: continuous with the left auricle
- valve of foramen ovale: thin area of depression in inter-atrial septum
16
Q
left ventricle
A
- receives blood from the left atrium
- inter-vascular septum: muscular and membranous part
- papillary muscle: anterior + posterior; larger than papillary mm
17
Q
Heartbeat
A
Systole: Contraction Diastole: (Relaxation) Filling Normal rate: 60-100 Slow: Bradycardia Fast: Tachycardia
18
Q
Heart Sounds
A
- Called S1 and S2
- S1 is the closing of AV(mitral and tricuspid) valves at the start of ventricular systole
- S2 is the closing of the semilunar ( aortic and pulmonic) valves at the end of ventricular systole
- Murmurs: the sound of blood flow
19
Q
Septal Defects
A
- septae are the walls that develop during gestation that separate the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles
- defects in the septum wall or “holes” may allow for abnormal passage of blood flow which can cause the heart to become abnormally enlarged
