The Respiratory System

Question 1

Component Parts

Answer 1

Conducting portion: Nasal Cavity, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi( main or primary bronchi, lobar or secondary bronchi, segmental or tertiary bronchi,) bronchioles

Respiratory Portion: Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 2

Conducting Portion

Answer 2

• provides a conduit through which air can travel to and from the lungs
• conditions inspired air
• cleanses
• moistens
• warms

Question 3

Respiratory Portion

Answer 3

Where gas exchange between inspired air and blood occurs

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

Supported by “C” shaped cartilage segments in the superior mediastinum
- anterior to esophagus

Question 5

Right Primary Bronchus

Answer 5

Shorter, straighter, and larger than left

• apirated objects more commonly follow right bronchus
• giver off three secondary bronchi

Question 6

Left Primary Bronchus

Answer 6

Twice as long as right primary bronchus

• Gives off two secondary bronchi
• Angle between primary bronchi is 62 degrees

Question 7

Bronchiectasis

Answer 7

• a condition where the bronchial tubes of your lungs are permanently damaged, widened, and thickened
• these damaged air passages allow bacteria and mucus to build up and pool in your lungs

Question 8

Obstructive vs Restrictive

Answer 8

• Obstructive lung disease: a decrease in the exhaled air flow cause by a narrowing or blockage of the airways
• Restrictive lung disease: cannot fully fill their lungs with air

Question 9

Lung Borders

Answer 9

• Anterior Chest: Apex 3-4 cm. higher 1/3 of the clavicles
• Lateral Chest: Extends from Axilla apex
• Posteriorly: Apex of lung is at C7- Base T10 (on deep inspiration to T12)

Question 10

Lobes of Lung

Answer 10

• Right Lung: 3 lobes- upper, middle, lower, shorter due to liver
• Left lung: 2 lobes- upper, lower, narrower due to heart

Question 11

Right Lung

Answer 11

• Structures adjacent to medial surface of right lung: heart, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, azygos v., esphagus
• Right subclavian a. + v. arch over superior lobe

Question 12

Blood Supply to Lungs

Answer 12

• Lungs are perfused by two circulations: pulmonary and bronchial
• Pulmonary arteries- supply systemic venous blood to be oxygenated: branch profusely
• Pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to the heart

Question 13

Blood supply to lung: Bronchial

Answer 13

• Bronchial arteries: provide systemic blood to the lung tissue
• Bronchial veins drain into the azygos system of veins
• Pulmonary veins carry most venous blood from the bronchi back to the heart

Question 14

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 14

• Thin walled vessels at all levels
• Pulmonary arteries have far less smooth muscle in the wall than systemic arteries
• Consequences of this anatomy the vessels are: distensible, compressible, have low intravascular pressure

Question 15

Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 15

-Sustained systolic pulmonary pressure over 30 mmHg or avergae in excess of 25 mmHg

Question 16

Lymphatics

Answer 16

• The lympathic drainage of both lungs is to pulmonary and bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes, which then drain into tracheobronchial nodes