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Anatomy > Thorax 2 > Flashcards

Thorax 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum subdivided into?

A

-Superior mediastinum
-Inferior mediastinum

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3
Q

What is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A

-Anterior mediastinum
-Middle mediastinum
-Posterior mediastinum

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4
Q

Where is the superior mediastinum located?

A

-The area posterior to the manubrium of sternum and anterior to the thoracic vertebrae 1-4

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5
Q

What are the major content of the superior mediastinum?

A
  1. Aortic arch and distal parts of its branches
  2. Trachea
  3. Superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins
  4. Esophagus
  5. Thymus
  6. Cranial nerve 10
  7. Phrenic nerves
    8.Thoracic duct
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6
Q

What area is the anterior mediastinum located?

A

Area anterior to the pericardial
sac and posterior to the body of
the sternum

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7
Q

What are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A

-Part of the thymus
-Mediastinal branches of internal thoracic vessels
-Fat, connective tissue, lymphatics and sternopericardial ligaments

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8
Q

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum?

A

-Heart
-Pericardium
-Origins of the greater vessels of the heart
-Phrenic nerves

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9
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • Esophagus and esophageal plexus
  • Descending thoracic aorta and its
    branches
  • Azygos vein
  • Hemi-azygos vein
  • Accessory hemi-azygos vein
  • CNX
  • Thoracic ganglia of sympathetic trunk
  • Thoracic splanchnic nerves
  • Thoracic duct
  • Lymphatics
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10
Q

Where does the apex of the lung extend to?

A

Apex extends superior to thoracic inlet

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11
Q

Where are the bases of each lung placed on?

A

Bases are placed on diaphragmatic domes

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12
Q

What are the lobes present in the right lung?

A

-Superior
-Middle
-Inferior

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13
Q

What fissures are present in the right lung?

A

-Transverse
-Oblique

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14
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung

A

-Superior
-Inferior

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15
Q

What are the fissures present in the left lung?

A

Oblique

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16
Q

How many surfaces does each lung have and what are they called?

A

Each lung has 3 surfaces:
-Costal
-Mediastinal
-Diaphragmatic

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17
Q

What part is the diaphragmatic surface?

A

Part of lung that sits superior to a diaphragmatic dome

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18
Q

Where does the mediastinal surface of the lung lie?

A

Lies against the mediastinum
(anteriorly) and the vertebral column
(posteriorly)

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19
Q

What structures does the mediastinal surface of the lung contain?

A

Contains the lung hilar structures

20
Q

Where does the costal surface of the lung lie?

A

Lies adjacent to the ribs and intercostal spaces of thoracic wall

21
Q

What are the components of each lungs hilum?

A

-Main bronchus
-Pulmonary artery
-Pulmonary veins
-Bronchial vessels
-Nerves
-Lymphatics

22
Q

What does the main bronchi branch in the root of the lung into?

A

Main bronchus branches in the root of lung
into a secondary (lobar) bronchus

23
Q

What is usually the most supero-posterior structure in the right lung?

A

Usually, the right bronchus will be the
most supero-posterior hilar structure.

24
Q

Where does the right pulmonary artery pass in the right lung?

A

The right pulmonary artery passes anterior
to the right main bronchus and posterior to the
right upper pulmonary vein.

25
Q

What is the most antero-inferior hilar structure?

A

The right pulmonary veins will be the most
antero-inferior hilar structure from all three

26
Q

Where does the main bronchus branch in the left lung?

A

Main bronchus branches within the lung itself

27
Q

What is the main bronchus inferior to in the left lung?

A

Main bronchus is inferior to the pulmonary
artery

28
Q

What is usually the most superior hilar structure in the left lung?

A

Usually, the left pulmonary artery will
be the most superior hilar structure.

29
Q

Where does the left pulmonary artery pass in the left lung?

A

The left pulmonary artery
passes posterior to the left upper
pulmonary vein.

30
Q

What is the most anteroinferior hilar structure in the left lung?

A

The left pulmonary vein(s) will be the
most anteroinferior hilar structures in
the left lung.

31
Q

What is each pleural cavity in the lung lined by?

A

Each pleural cavity is lined by a
pleural membrane (pleura)

32
Q

What is the pleura?

A

A single layer of mesothelial cells (squamous
cells) + a layer of supportive connective tissue

33
Q

What does the parietal pleura line?

A

Lines walls of pleural cavity

34
Q

What does visceral pleura adhere?

A

Adheres on lungs’ surfaces

35
Q

What is pleural cavity and what does it normally contain?

A

-Potential space enclosed between the visceral and parietal pleura
-Normally contains a bit of serous

36
Q

What are the different parts that the parietal pleura consists of?

A
  1. Cervical pleura
  2. Costal pleura
  3. Mediastinal pleura
  4. Diaphragmatic pleura
37
Q

What are pleural recesses?

A

Spaces where the pleural cavity is
not totally filled by the lung
parenchyma

38
Q

What are the 2 pleural recesses?

A
  1. Costomediastinal recessesses
  2. Costodiaphragmatic recesses
39
Q

Where do costomediastinal recesses occur?

A

Occur anteriorly, particularly on the left side in relationship to the heart bulge

40
Q

Where do costodiaphragmatic recesses occur?

A

Occur inferiorly between the lower lung margin and the lower margin of the pleural cavity.

41
Q

What is the location of the trachea?

A

C6-T4/T5

42
Q

What is the trachea held open by?

A

Held open by C-shaped
transverse tracheal
cartilaginous rings

43
Q

Where are tracheal cartilages incomplete?

A

Tracheal cartilages are
incomplete posteriorly

44
Q

What is the carina?

A

Where the trachea bifurcates

45
Q

What is the muscle on the posterior wall of trachea?

A

Posterior wall of trachea
consists of smooth
muscle (trachealis)

46
Q

What is the bronchial tree made up of?

A
  1. Main bronchi divide into lobar bronchi
  2. Lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi
  3. Segmental bronchi divide and eventually give rise to the bronchioles

Anatomy (12 decks)

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