Thorax 2 Flashcards
What is the mediastinum?
Central compartment of the thoracic cavity
What is the mediastinum subdivided into?
-Superior mediastinum
-Inferior mediastinum
What is the inferior mediastinum divided into?
-Anterior mediastinum
-Middle mediastinum
-Posterior mediastinum
Where is the superior mediastinum located?
-The area posterior to the manubrium of sternum and anterior to the thoracic vertebrae 1-4
What are the major content of the superior mediastinum?
- Aortic arch and distal parts of its branches
- Trachea
- Superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins
- Esophagus
- Thymus
- Cranial nerve 10
- Phrenic nerves
8.Thoracic duct
What area is the anterior mediastinum located?
Area anterior to the pericardial
sac and posterior to the body of
the sternum
What are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?
-Part of the thymus
-Mediastinal branches of internal thoracic vessels
-Fat, connective tissue, lymphatics and sternopericardial ligaments
What are the contents of the middle mediastinum?
-Heart
-Pericardium
-Origins of the greater vessels of the heart
-Phrenic nerves
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
- Esophagus and esophageal plexus
- Descending thoracic aorta and its
branches - Azygos vein
- Hemi-azygos vein
- Accessory hemi-azygos vein
- CNX
- Thoracic ganglia of sympathetic trunk
- Thoracic splanchnic nerves
- Thoracic duct
- Lymphatics
Where does the apex of the lung extend to?
Apex extends superior to thoracic inlet
Where are the bases of each lung placed on?
Bases are placed on diaphragmatic domes
What are the lobes present in the right lung?
-Superior
-Middle
-Inferior
What fissures are present in the right lung?
-Transverse
-Oblique
What are the lobes of the left lung
-Superior
-Inferior
What are the fissures present in the left lung?
Oblique
How many surfaces does each lung have and what are they called?
Each lung has 3 surfaces:
-Costal
-Mediastinal
-Diaphragmatic
What part is the diaphragmatic surface?
Part of lung that sits superior to a diaphragmatic dome
Where does the mediastinal surface of the lung lie?
Lies against the mediastinum
(anteriorly) and the vertebral column
(posteriorly)
What structures does the mediastinal surface of the lung contain?
Contains the lung hilar structures
Where does the costal surface of the lung lie?
Lies adjacent to the ribs and intercostal spaces of thoracic wall
What are the components of each lungs hilum?
-Main bronchus
-Pulmonary artery
-Pulmonary veins
-Bronchial vessels
-Nerves
-Lymphatics
What does the main bronchi branch in the root of the lung into?
Main bronchus branches in the root of lung
into a secondary (lobar) bronchus
What is usually the most supero-posterior structure in the right lung?
Usually, the right bronchus will be the
most supero-posterior hilar structure.
Where does the right pulmonary artery pass in the right lung?
The right pulmonary artery passes anterior
to the right main bronchus and posterior to the
right upper pulmonary vein.
