Anatomy of the Heart and CVS

Question 1

What is the chest cavity divided into?

Answer 1

-Media partiton-Mediastinum
-Lateral pleura and lungs

Question 2

What does the mediastinum extend to

Answer 2

 Root of neck above
 Diaphragm below
 Sternum anteriorly
 Vertebral column Posteriorly

Question 3

Identify

Answer 3

Identify:
-Superior mediastinum
-inferior mediastinum
-Anterior mediastinum
-Middle mediastinum
-Posterior mediastinum

Question 4

What does the heart lie within?

Answer 4

The heart lies within the pericardium in the mediastinum

Question 5

What is the pericardium

Answer 5

Pericardium is a fibro-serous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the
great vessels

Question 6

Functions of pericardium

Answer 6

 restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole
 serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can
contract

Question 7

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 7

Coronary sinus returns blood
from the walls of the heart itself

Question 8

Heart in-situ

Answer 8

Right atrium, facing anteriorly
Right ventricle facing left
View diagram on ppt

Question 9

Valve in right ventricle

Answer 9

Pulmonary trunk closed by pulmonary valve
-3 semilunar valves
-Atrioventricular valve is the tricuspid valve

Question 10

How many pulmonary veins enter in the left atrium?

Answer 10

Blood enters x4 pulmonary veins

Question 11

What does blood move into left ventricle via?

Answer 11

• Blood moves into left ventricle via
  atrioventricular orifice

Question 12

Where is the left ventricle in relation to the left atrium?

Answer 12

Anterior to left atrium

Question 13

What vessels make up the great vessels?

Answer 13

Superior vena cava
Ascending Aorta
Arch of aorta
Descending aorta
Pulmonary trunk

Question 14

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise?

Answer 14

Arises slightly anterior to aortic
orifice

Question 15

Where does the pulmonary trunk ascned?

Answer 15

Ascends posteriorly and to the
left

Question 16

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into?

Answer 16

Divides into left and right
* Left: inferior to aortic arch

• Right: posterior to
  ascending aorta and SVC

Question 17

What is the ascending aorta located within?

Answer 17

Ascending within pericardial sac

Question 18

What does the aortic arch lie behind

Answer 18

Arch lies behind sternum and in front of trachea

Question 19

What are the aortic arch branches

Answer 19

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Question 20

What does the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 20

divides into right subclavian and
right common carotid

Question 21

what is the aortic hiatus

Answer 21

A hole in the diagphram

Question 22

What is the musculophrenic artery?

Answer 22

Provides to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, pericardium and abdominal muscles

Question 23

Where does the musculophrenic artery originate from?

Answer 23

Internal thoracic artery

Question 24

What does the epigastric artery supply?

Answer 24

Upper anterior abdominal wall and small portion of the diaphragm.