Abdomen 5

Question 1

What is the liver protected by?

Answer 1

-Protected by right ribs 7-11

Question 2

Where is the liver located?

Answer 2

Intraperitoneal

Question 3

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 3

1. Right
2. Left
3. Caudate
4. Quadrant

Question 4

Where do the caudate and quadrate lobe arise from?

Answer 4

Caudate and quadrate are described as arising from
right lobe

Question 5

What is the quadrate lobe considered part of?

Answer 5

Quadrate lobe to be considered part of left lobe

Question 6

What are the functional segments of the of the liver?

Answer 6

8 functional segments

Question 7

What is the functional segments of the liver based on?

Answer 7

Based on distribution of portal venous branches

Question 8

What is the falciform ligament and what does it divide?

Answer 8

-Double fold of peritoneum
connecting liver to anterior
abdominal wall
-Divides left lobe into right lobe

Question 9

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 9

Entrance / exit point of portal
triad in transverse fissure.
* Common bile duct
* Left and right hepatic duct
* Cystic duct
* Hepatic portal vein (75%)
* Hepatic artery (25%)

Question 10

What is the fissure for ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

Answer 10

Remnant of ductus venosus

Question 11

What does the fissure for ligamentum venosum shuts?

Answer 11

Shuts umbilical blood directly into IVC

Question 12

What is the round ligament/ligamentum teres a remnant of?

Answer 12

Remnant of umbilical vein

Question 13

What does the round ligament/ligamentum teres carry?

Answer 13

Carries oxygenated blood from
placenta

Question 14

What is prenatal circulation of the liver?

Answer 14

1. Inferior vena cava
2. Ductus venosus
3. Umbilical vein

Question 15

What is the bare area in the liver?

Answer 15

-No peritoneum on top surface of liver

Question 16

What is the bare area in the liver fenced by?

Answer 16

-Fenced by ant. and post. coronary which meet
as the left and right triangular ligament

Question 17

What does the bare area of the liver result from?

Answer 17

Results from massive embryonic growth of
liver within ventral mesogastrium

Question 18

Where does the portal triad run?

Answer 18

Portal triad runs in free
edge of lesser omentum

Question 19

What does the epiploic foramen open into?

Answer 19

Opening into lesser sac(omental bursa)

Question 20

What is the superior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 20

Caudate process of liver

Question 21

What is the inferior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 21

1st part of duodenum

Question 22

What is the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 22

Inferior vena cava and right crus
of diaphragm

Question 23

What is the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 23

Portal triad (in free edge of lesser
omentum)

Question 24

What is pringles manoeuvre?

Answer 24

• Haemostat used to clamp
  hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 25

What does pringles manoeuvre stop?

Answer 25

Stops blood flow through hepatic
duodenal artery and portal vein

Question 26

What are the sites where peritoneal fluid or metastases can localise in the liver?

Answer 26

Liver recesses

Question 27

Where is the subphrenic space?

Answer 27

Between liver and diaphragm

Question 28

Where is the right subhepatic space?

Answer 28

Between inferior surface of liver and kidney

Question 29

Where is the hepatorenal pouch/ pouch of morrison?

Answer 29

Between liver and kidney

Question 30

In what position can fluid accumulate in the hepatorenal pouch/pouch of morrison?

Answer 30

Fluid often accumulates here
when patient is supine

Question 31

What is the dual blood supply of liver?

Answer 31

1. Hepatic artery proper(25%)
2. Hepatic portal vein(75%)
3. Processed in sinusoids
4. Hepatic veins(x3)
5. Inferior vena cava
6. Right atrium of heart

Question 32

What is the hepatic portal system?

Answer 32

Inferior mesenteric vein –> Splenic vein–Hepatic portal vein <– Superior mesenteric vein

Question 33

What organs does the liver process the blood of?

Answer 33

1. Alimentary canal
2. Spleen
3. Pancreas
4. Gallbladder