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Anatomy > Anatomy abdomen 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy abdomen 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are located in transpyloric plane at vertebrae level L1?

A
  • Origin of superior mesenteric a.
  • Origin of portal vein
  • Hilum of left kidney
  • Origin of renal arteries
  • Duodenojejunal flexure
  • Termination of spinal cord
  • Pylorus
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2
Q

What structures are located in transtubercular plane at vertebrae level L4/L5?

A
  • Tubercles of iliac crest
  • L4 / L5
  • Origin of IVC
  • Confluence of common iliac veins
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3
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall, anterior to posterior?

A
  1. Superficial fascia
  2. Anterolateral muscles
  3. Rectus sheath
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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the superficial fascia?

A
  1. Campers(fatty)
  2. Scarpas(membranous)
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5
Q

What are the anterolateral muscles?

A

-External oblique muscle
-Internal oblique muscle
-Transverse abdominis muscle

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6
Q

What is the rectus sheath an aponeuroses of?

A

Aponeuroses of anterolateral muscles

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7
Q

What does the rectus sheath envelope?

A

Envelopes rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

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8
Q

What is the fibre direction of the external oblique muscle?

A

Inferomedial fibre direction

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9
Q

What is the fibre direction of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Superomedial fibre direction

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10
Q

What is the fibre direction of the transcersus abdominis muscle?

A

Transverse fibre direction

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11
Q

What are the actions of the anterolateral muscles?

A

compresses and supports abdominal viscera,
flexes and rotates trunk

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12
Q

What are examples of vertical muscles?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. Pyramidalis
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13
Q

What does the lateral border of the rectus abdominis form?

A

Lateral border forms linea semilunaris

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14
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexion of trunk, compresses
abdominal viscera and controls tilt of pelvis

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15
Q

What is the action of the pyramidalis?

A

Tense linea alba

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16
Q

What is included in the deep layers of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. Posterior layer of rectus sheath
  2. Transversalis fascia: Thick investing fascia
  3. Parietal peritoneum: Lines abdominal cavity
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17
Q

What nerves and lymphatics does the rectus sheath envelope?

A
  • Distal portions of thoracoabdominal nerves
  • Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
  • Corresponding lymphatics
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18
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Interlacing fibres of anterolateral muscles

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19
Q

What does the linea alba stretch between?

A

Xiphoid process to pubic crest

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20
Q

Where does the umbilicus lie?

A

Lies in midline

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21
Q

What does the internal oblique aponeurosis split into and what are they?

A

Internal oblique aponeurosis splits into
two layers:
1. Anterior laminae
2. Posterior laminae

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22
Q

What does the anterior laminae pass anterior to?

A

Anterior laminae
passes anterior to
rectus abdominis.

23
Q

What does the posterior laminae pass posterior to?

A

Posterior laminae passes posterior to
rectus abdominis.

24
Q

What do all aponeurosis pass anterior to?

A

All aponeuroses pass anterior to rectus
abdominis.

25
Why is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath weaker?
Posterior layer of rectus sheath is weaker as it is only formed by transversalis fascia.
26
What is the superior anterolateral wall supplied by?
* Musculophrenic artery * Superior epigastric
27
What is the inferior anterolateral wall supplied by?
* Superficial circumflex iliac * superficial epigastric * Inferior epigastric * Deep circumflex iliac
28
What is a rectus sheath haematoma?
Rupture in inferior epigastric artery which ascends between rectus abdominis and posterior laminae of rectus sheath.
29
Who is a rectus sheath haematoma more common in?
More common in patients on anticoagulants
30
What are the skin, muscles and parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall supplied by?
Supplied by the thoracoabdominal spinal nerves: T7 – L1
31
Where do the nerves run that innervate the abdominal wall?
Nerves run in neurovascular plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscle.
32
What does the inguinal ligament attach to?
Attaches to Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
33
Where does the inguinal ligament originate from?
Free border of external oblique aponeurosis
34
What does the inguinal canal allow in males?
Allows spermatic cord to pass to and from testis.
35
What does the inguinal canal allow in females?
Permits the passage of round ligament of uterus to labia majora.
36
What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?
1. Deep inguinal ring 2. Superficial inguinal ring
37
What is the deep inguinal ring?
The entrance to the canal
38
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Exit of canal
39
What shaped opening is the superficial inguinal ring and where?
Triangular opening in aponeurosis of external oblique
40
Where is the inguinal ring located?
2 – 3 cm superior and lateral to pubic tubercle.
41
What is the deep inguinal ring?
Evagination in the transversalis fascia produced by process vaginalis
42
Where is the deep inguinal ring located?
Located lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
43
What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
1. Spermatic cord 2. Ilioinguinal nerve
44
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens Lymphatics Tunica vaginalis
45
What are the arteries in the spermatic cord?
-Testicular artery -Cremasteric artery -Artery to vas deferens
46
What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females?
1. Round ligament of uterus 2. Ilioinguinal nerve
47
What does the round ligament of uterus attach to, transverse and spread out to?
Attaches to uterus, transverses inguinal canal and spreads out in labia majora
48
What are inguinal hernias?
Protrusion of gut or omentum (peritoneum containing fat) through the inguinal canal.
49
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Hernia passes directly through abdominal wall Medial to inferior epigastric artery.
50
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Passing through length of canal. Lateral to inferior epigastric artery.
51
What does a direct inguinal hernia exit via?
Exits via superficial inguinal ring, lateral to spermatic cord
52
What does an indirect inguinal hernia exit via?
Exits via superficial inguinal ring and can pass into scrotum/ labium majus
53
what causes direct inguinal hernias?
Weakness in abdominal wall

Anatomy (12 decks)

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