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Human Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cage

A

The bony framework of the chest

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2
Q

Structure of the thoracic cage

A

Thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, and sternum + costal cartilages anteriorly

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3
Q

Function of the thoracic cage

A

A bony cage that protects the thoracic viscera, supports the shoulder girdle and upper limb, and provides attachments for many upper body muscles

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4
Q

What does the thoracic cage house?

A

The intercostal muscles that elevate and depress the thorax during respiration

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5
Q

What three parts of the somites divided into?

A

Sclerotome
Dermatome
Myotome

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6
Q

Sclerotome “Hard piece”

A

Cells migrate medially, gather around the notochord and neural tube, which then become the vertebrae and ribs

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7
Q

Dermatome “Skin piece”

A

Cells migrate to more superficial layers and become the dermis of the skin on the dorsum of the body

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8
Q

Mytome “Muscle piece”

A

Remaining cells that form the trunk and limb musculature

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9
Q

What are the 5 major vertebral regions?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

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10
Q

Cervical

A

7 vertebrae of neck

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11
Q

Thoracic

A

12 vertebrae of thorax

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12
Q

Lumbar

A

5 vertebrae of lower back

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13
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebral segments; articulate with hip bones

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14
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused segments

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15
Q

Sternum

A

A flat bone formed from 3 sections

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16
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior section
- Articulates with the medial ends of the clavicles
- Also articulates with ribs 1 and 2

17
Q

Body

A

Middle portion
- Sides are notched at articulations for the costal cartilages of ribs 2-7

18
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Inferior end of sternum
- a plate of hyaline cartilage
- fully ossifies around age 40

19
Q

What are the 3 anatomical landmarks of the sternum?

A

Jugular notch (suprasternal notch)
Sternal angle
Xiphisternal joint (deep to this joint, the heart lies on the diaphragm)

20
Q

Sternal angle

A
  • Easily accessible clinical landmark: lies anterior to arch of aorta, marks the start and end of aortic arch
  • Anterior to carina (bifurcation of trachea)
    Corresponds to IV disc b/n T4 and T5 vertebra
  • Marks inferior boundary of superior mediastinum
21
Q

How do all 12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Posteriorly

22
Q

True ribs

A

Superior seven pairs
- attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages

23
Q

False Ribs

A

Inferior five pairs (8-12)
- Attach to the sternum either indirectly or not at all

24
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Have no anterior attachments, embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall (ribs 11-12)

25
Q

What is the structure/definition of a typical rib?

A

Head: Articulates with the vertebral bodies by two facets
Tubercle: Articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number
Shaft: The bulk of the rib
Costal groove: Located on the inferior border; houses the intercostal. nerves and vessels

26
Q

Thoracic cavity communicates with neck and upper limb through what?

A

Thoracic Inlet

27
Q

Thoracic Inlet

A

Passage of trachea, esophagus, vessels, and nerves

28
Q

Thoracic Outlet

A

Esophagus and aorta

29
Q

Intercostal space

A

An intercostal vein, artery, and nerve travel in the costal groove on the inferior surface of a rib, between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

30
Q

What branches from the thoracic aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery

31
Q

What comes from the internal thoracic artery?

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

32
Q

What comes from the subclavian artery

A

Internal thoracic artery

33
Q

The right side of the intercostal veins drain into…

A

Azygous vein to the superior vena cava (SVC)

34
Q

The right side of the intercostal veins drain into…

A

Accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins that drain into the azygos vein

35
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves?

A

12 pairs

36
Q

What forms the intercostal nerves?

A

Anterior (ventral) rami of T1-T11

37
Q

What forms the subcostal nerves?

A

Anterior rami of T12 nerves

38
Q

Posterior (dorsal) rami of thoracic spinal nerves supply…

A

Bones, joints, deep back muscles, and skin of the back in the thoracic region

39
Q

Diaphragm

A

The most important muscle of respiration
- Flattens as it contracts, increases the volume of the thoracic cavity

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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