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Human Anatomy > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

External Genitalia (pudendum or vulva)

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Bulbs of the vestibule
  • Greater and lesser vestibular glands
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2
Q

Internal Genitalia

A
  • Ovaries
  • Uterine tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
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3
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Rounded fatty eminence overlying the pubic symphysis

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4
Q

Labia Majora

A

Prominent outer folds of skin that contain subcutaneous fat and the termination of the round ligament of the uterus
- External aspect is covered with pigmented skin containing sebaceous glands, smooth internal aspect

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5
Q

Labia Minora

A

Inner folds of fat-free skin; has a core of spongy connective tissue containing erectile tissue and many small blood vessels, internal aspect contains many sensory endings

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6
Q

Clitoris

A

An erectile organ located where the labia minora meet anteriorly; consists of a root and a body

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7
Q

What is the root and body of the clitoris?

A
  • 2 crura
  • 2 corpora
  • cavernosa
  • glans
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8
Q

Vestibule

A

Space surrounded by the labia minora

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9
Q

The vestibule contains what openings?

A
  • Urethra
  • Vagina
  • Greater and lesser vestibular glands
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10
Q

Bulbs of Vestibule

A

Paired masses of elongated erectile tissue situated along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep to bulbospongioosus; homologous with the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum

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11
Q

Vestibular Glands

A

Greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands on each side of the vestibule posterior to the vaginal orifice, glands open into the vestibule and secrete mucus during sexual arousal

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12
Q

What happens during sexual arousal?

A

Lesser vestibular glands open between the urethral and vaginal orifices and secrete mucus

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13
Q

Ischiocavernosus

A

Maintains erection of the clitoris by compressing outflow veins

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14
Q

Bulbospongiosus

A

“Sphincter” of the vagina, assists in the erection of the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule and compresses the greater vestibular gland

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15
Q

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

A

Supports and fixes the perineal body and pelvic floor to support viscera

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16
Q

Vagina

A

Subperitoneal musculomembranous tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule of the vagina

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17
Q

Why is the Vagina Important?

A

It serves as a canal for menstrual fluid, forms the inferior part of the birth canal, and reproduction

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18
Q

Where does the vagina communicate with?

A

Superiorly with the cervical canal and inferiorly with the vestibule

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19
Q

Vaginal Fornix

A

Recess around the protruding cervix, has anterior/posterior and lateral parts

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20
Q

The superior part of the vagina derives from the?

A

The uterine arteries

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21
Q

The middle and inferior parts of the vagina derive from?

A

The vaginal and internal pudendal arteries

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22
Q

What forms plexuses’ alongside the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa?

A

Veins; will drain into the internal iliac veins via the uterine veins

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23
Q

Ovaries

A

Small organs held in place by ligaments and mesenteries

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24
Q

What is the shape of the ovaries? Where are they found?

A

Almond shaped, found near the attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic walls

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25
Q

The ovaries are suspended by these peritoneal folds:

A
  • Mesovarium
  • Suspensory ligament of the ovary
    Attached to the uterus by the ligament of the ovary
26
Q

Uterus

A

A hollow thick-walled muscular organ that receives, retains, and nourishes the fertilized egg

27
Q

Adult uterus

A

Usually tipped anterosuperiorly relative to the axis of the vagina; the vagina can change position relative to the fullness of the bladder and rectum

28
Q

Where does the non gravid uterus lay?

A

In the lesser pelvis, the body lies on the urinary bladder between the bladder and rectum

29
Q

What is the structure of the uterus?

A
  • Body
  • Cervix
30
Q

Body of Uterus

A

Includes the rounded funds, relatively constricted isthmus, and the uterine horns; freely movable

31
Q

Cervix of Uterus

A

The cylindrical, narrow inferior part of the uterus

32
Q

Uterine Wall contains:

A
  • Perimetrium
  • Myometrium
  • Endometrium
33
Q

Perimetrium

A

Outer serous coat that consists of peritoneum and CT

34
Q

Myometrium

A

Middle muscular coat that has the main branches of blood vessels and nerves
- distends significantly during pregnancy

35
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner mucous layer that adheres firmly to the myometrium and is involved in the menstrual cycle
- Blastocyst is implanted here

36
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

Extend laterally from the uterine horns and open into the peritoneal cavity near the ovaries

37
Q

Where do the fallopian tubes lay?

A

Mesosalpinx in the free edge of the broad ligament; position varies

38
Q

An ovulated oocyte is cast where? Why?

A

Casted into the peritoneal cavity because the uterine tubes have no contact with the ovaries

39
Q

4 Parts of the Fallopian Tubes

A
  • Infundibulum
  • Ampulla
  • Isthmus
  • Uterine portion
40
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel-shaped distal end that opens into the peritoneal cavity, fimbriae

41
Q

Ampulla

A

Widest and longest part

42
Q

Isthmus

A

Enters uterine horn

43
Q

Uterine portion

A

Short intramural segment

44
Q

Suspensory ligament of ovary

A

Covers the ovarian vessels

45
Q

Round ligament of uterus

A

Anchors uterus to body wall (labia majora); from the guvernaculum

46
Q

Broad Ligament of the Uterus

A

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis

47
Q

Function of the Broad Ligament

A

Assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvis and contains the ovaries, uterine tubes, and related structures, as wells as the vasculature that serves them

48
Q

Mesovarium

A

The portion of the broad ligament suspending the ovary

49
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

Suspends the uterine tube

50
Q

Mesometrium

A

The major part of the broad ligament of the uterus

51
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Modified sweat glands found in superficial body wall

52
Q

Suspensory Ligaments of Breast

A

Thickenings of fascia that anchor breast to skin and separate glandular and fat lobules

53
Q

Where do the Lobules Drain?

A

Drain into the lactiferous ducts that open on the nipple

54
Q

Spatial relationships in the breast

A

Superficial to pectorals major, minor, + serrates anterior muscles

55
Q

Retromammary Space

A

A potential space b/n breast and underlying deep pectoral fascia- allows some degree of movement of breast

56
Q

Structures susceptible to injury

A
  • Perineum
  • Levator ani
  • Pelvic fascia
  • Pubococcygeus (torn during birth)
57
Q

What may contribute to urinary stress incontinence?

A

Weakening of the elevator ani and the pelvic fascia from stretching or tearing, this can cause dribbling of urine

58
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Excision of the uterus

59
Q

Pudendal and Ilio-inguinal Nerve Blocks

A

Performed to relieve pain during childbirth

60
Q

Where must injections be made for anesthesia?

A

Must be made where the pudendal nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligament, near its attachment to the ischial spine

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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