Thorax Flashcards
Superior and inferior thoracic aperture
Superior is open
Inferior is closed, connected to the diaphragm
What connects the arms to the thorax
Pectoral girdle which comprises of the clavicle (collar bone) and the scapula
3 parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Costochondral joint
Joint between the costal cartilage and the ribs
Significance of vertebrae T4/5
Sternalangle
- inferior and suitor mediastinum
- Trachea splits into bronchi
- superior vena cava penetrates pericardium
- Rib 2 location. Since you cannot feel rib 1
- marks where the aorta begins and ends (since it’s a curve)
True false and floating ribs
True 1-7
False 8-10 (costal cartilage attaches to next higher rib)
Floating 11-12
How many pulmonary veins are there
4
How many brachocephalic arteries and veins do we have
1 brachioceohalic TRUNK (artery) on the right side and 2 brachioceohalic veins (1 on each side)
Diaphragm is made of what type of muscle and controlled by which nerves
Skeletal muscle
Phrenic nerve C345
What is referred pain ?
Pathology in one area causing pain in another area eg. Pain related to gallbladder pathology (affecting the diaphragmatic surface of the diaphragm) can be referred to the right tip of shoulder as the same nerve roots supply here for sensation too.
Function of the jugular notch
Used to palpate for the trachea to assess its position
Diaphragm structure
Musculotendinous structure
Where do muscle fibres arise from for diaphragm
Radially from the costal margins to insert into The Central tendon
Which arteries are used for CABG
Internal thoracic arteries
What vessels unite to form the superior vena cava?
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
Are valves present on the superior vena cave?
No because blood is flowing in the direction of gravity
What does increased blood pressure in lungs cause
May cause raised jugular venous pressure
When does the aortic valve close
During ventricular relaxation ie diastole
When does the tricuspid valve close
Ventricular contraction ie systole
What innervation does the phrenic nerve supply
Sensory innervation to fibrous pericardium and peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Motor innervation to diaphragm
What does the hilum connect
Connects th3 lung with the mediastinum
