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Laura’s Systems > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

One cell but 2n (made up of female pronucleus and male pronucleus)

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2
Q

When does the morula form and what is it made of

A

Day 3/4

Morula is made up of blastomeres (about 16)

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3
Q

When does blastocyst form

A

Day 5

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4
Q

When does formation of primitive germ layers take place

A

3rd week

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5
Q

When does organogenesis take place

A

Embryonic period
2-8 weeks

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6
Q

When is the fetal period

A

9-38 weeks
Growth differentiation and maturation

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7
Q

Totipotent pluripotent multipotent unipotent

A
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8
Q

What makes up the blastocyst

A

Embryoblast (inner cell mass) and trophoblast (outer)

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9
Q

What needs to be present in uterus lining for successful implantation of blastocyst

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

What lines the inner wall of the blastocyst after implantation

A

Inner cystotrophoblast
Outer synctiotrophoblast

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11
Q

What forms the bilaminar disc

A

Hypoblast
Epiblast

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12
Q

What is the histology and location of the hypoblast and epiblast

A

Hypoblast cuboidal and ventral
Epiblast columnar and dorsal

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13
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

Life support,
Provides oxygen and nutrients removes waste
Circulations of baby and mother blood do not mix, separated by thin barrier

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14
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Chorionic villus sampling may be used for genetic and chromosome testing in the first trimester of pregnancy . Here are some reasons that a woman might elect to undergo CVS:

Previously affected child or a family history of a genetic disease, chromosomal abnormalities, or metabolic disorder

Maternal age over 35 years by the pregnancy due date

Risk of a sex-linked genetic disease

Previous ultrasound with questionable or abnormal findings

Abnormal cell-free DNA test

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15
Q

Difference between identical and fraternal twins at the trophoblast stage

A

Identical twins are from the same trophoblast fraternal twins are from two different trophoblasts

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16
Q

How does the trilaminar embryonic disc form

A

Ectoderm - leftover Epiblast
Mesoderm - Epiblast cells that migrated inwards
Endoderm - Epiblast cells that replaced Hypoblast layer

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17
Q

When does gastrulation take place

A

Day 15 , start of week 3

18
Q

First organ to be developed

A

CNS

19
Q

What are the derivates of the ectoderm germ layer

A

Skin
ENAMEL
Mucous membranes
CNS

20
Q

Derivatives of the mesoderm

A

Most connective tissues (dermis, tendons, cartilage, bone)
Muscle
Blood vessels
Heart
Kidney
Reproductive system

21
Q

Derivatives of the endoderm

A

Thyroid
Parathyroid
Respiratory
GIT
Irogenital (some)

22
Q

When does spontaneous abortion occur

A

First. 2 weeks

23
Q

First trimester period

A

Week 3-12
Greatest sensitivity

24
Q

Ectomesenchyme importance in dentistry

A

Derivatives are dentine cementum pulp PDL jaw bones
Most of the mesenchyme in the head
PNS

25
Q

What is ectomesenchyme

A

Another name for neural crest

Very important for development of head

Derived from ectoderm but has characteristics of mesenchyme

26
Q

Where does primitive streak extend from

A

Formation of primitive node , primitive node and primitive pit extends towards the caudal end forming the primitive groove

(cranial end of primitive streak expands)

27
Q

What does dental papilla cells differentiate into?
What does IEE cells differentiate into?

A

Dental papillae cells into odontoblasts
IEE cells differentiate into ameloblasts

28
Q

Stomodaeum

A

Primitive mouth

29
Q

What forms the enamel organ and what forms the dental papilla

A

Ectoderm cells into dental lamina into enamel organ
Ectomesenchyme condensation into dental papilla

30
Q

What is the name of the point where EEE and IEE meet

A

Cervical loop
(Extends apically in root formation)

31
Q

4 cells of enamel organ

A

Stratum intermedium
IEE
EEE
Stellatereticulum

32
Q

What is the Stellate reticulum function

A

Hydrophilic, to help maintain space for developing crowns

33
Q

Which comes first? Dentine genesis or amelogenesis?

A

Dentinogenesis

34
Q

What differentiates into odontoblasts and ameloblasts

A

Dental papilla cells into odonto
IEE into ameloblasts

35
Q

Enamel proteins

A

Enamelins
Ameloblastins
Amelogenins (90%)

36
Q

Describe secretory and maturation phase of amelogenesis

A

30% mineralised then 96% mineralised when matrix proteins are removed

37
Q

What is the epithelial attachment important for

A

Cells that generate junctional epithelium (hemidesmosomes)

38
Q

Which way does the nucleus migrate during the tome’s processes

A

Basally (tomes process at the apical side)

39
Q

Which direction does the cervical loop move in root formation

A

Apical

40
Q

HERS (hedwig epithelial root sheath)

A

2 layers (IEE AND EEE)

41
Q

Cell rests of malassez

A

Remnants when HERS degenerates
No function but can cause cysts/Tumours

42
Q

What stimulates cementoblasts in root formation

A

When Ectomesenchyme cells comes in contact with dentine, differentiate into cementoblasts and starts producing cementum

Laura’s Systems (11 decks)

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