Neck Flashcards
Superior limit of the neck
Base of skull and mandible
Inferior limit of neck
Thoracic inlet where the clavicle/collar bone is
What divides the neck into anterior and posterior
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Borders of the anterior triangle of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid, midline of body, lower border of the mandible
Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck
Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, clavicle (middle third )
What are the three broad categories of muscles of the anterior triangle
Mylohyoid
Infrahyoid / strap
Anterior belly of digastric
What are the 4 muscles that are part of the infrahyoid/ strsp muscles
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroud
Skeletal elements of the anterior triangle
Hyoid BONE
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Anterior triangle glands
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Submandibular
Goitre meaning
Enlarged
In the case of thyroid glands can pulpate when they swallow
Pretracheal fascia
Glands are enclosed by pre tracheal fascia
What is the embryo logical remnant of the developing thyroid gland
Levator glandulae thyroidae
What is the isthmus
The narrow part between the right and left lobe of the thyroid gland
What blood vessels supplies the thyroid gland
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Where does the superior thyroid artery extend from
External carotid
Where does the inferior thyroid artery extend from
Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery
Nerves of the anterior triangle of neck
Hypoglossal
Phrenic
Vagus
Blood vessels of the anterior triangle
Common carotid arteries and jugular veins
What does the accessory nerve supply
Motor function to Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid
What does the Brachial plexus (nerve) supply
Sensory and motor Upper limb and neck/shoulder
Nerve roots of brachial plexus
C5-T1
VENTRAL rami
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus
From top to bottom
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Median
Radial
Ulnar
Where does the Sternocleidomastoid attach
Proximal - mastoid process
Distal - sternum and clavicle
What is special about the cricoid cartilage
It is the only one that formed a complete ring around trachea
What is special about hyoid bone
Breaks when strangle
Only joins to muscle not to another bone
What happens if you remove parathyroid
Tetany because disruption of calcium levels, contraction of muscles disrupted
Vagus nerve innervation
VAGUS:
Motor – innervates the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate
Parasympathetic – smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi (slows breathing), slows heart rate and increases gut motility
Special sensory fibres – innervation for taste sensation in the epiglottis and root of the tongue
General sensory – internal aspect of larynx and the ear canal. Also provides visceral sensory innervation to the heart and abdominal structures.
Does the Hypoglossal nerve innervate the whole tongue muscles
All but one, palatoglossus
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). [11
Nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck
Accessory, brachial plexus, cutaneous cervical nerves
