Respiratory System Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract
Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth including tonsils
Oaranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
Larynx
Blood
Functions of respiratory system 4 main
Protection (mucous )
Respiration
Conduction of air (humidors and warms)
Vocal stuff
Cartilage in the nose
Hyaline cartilage
Epithelium of the respiratory tract including the Nasopharynx
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with mucous cells in the epithelial layer
Where are olfactory receptors found
Roof of the nasal cavity
Where is the nasolacrimal duct found
Inferior to the inferior conchae at the inferior meatus
What warms and humidity the air
The conchae and meatus
Conchae is the projections (air bouncing off the concha, surfaces causes turbulence)
Meatus is the grooves/channels
Histology of the external portion of the nose
KERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium. With hair
Name the 4 paransal sinuses and the function
Frontal maxilla ethmoid sphenoid
3 functions
humidify/ moisten
Clean/immune
Resonance
Oroantralfistula
Accidentally remove a part of the maxillary sinus when removing a tooth, root could be anchored to sinus
Scientific name of Adam;s Apple
Laryngeal prominence
How many cartilage are there in the larynx
9
3 paired (6) - arytenoid corniculate cuneiform
3 unpaired - Epiglottis cricoid thyroid
What type of cartilage are all the cartilages in the larynx
All hyaline except epiglottis which is elastic
Which is the only cartilage to encircle the trachea completely
Cricoid
What cartilage in the larynx is pyramidal in shape and which cartilage is the biggest
Biggest is thyroid
Pyramidal is arytenoid
What is another name for false vocal cords
Vestibular fold
Histology of the false and true vocal cords
False (which lies above true) vocal cord - Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
True vocal cords - stratified squamous epithelium
Cricothyroidotomy
Puncture the cricothyroid membrane (space between Adam’s apple and next cartilage)
Larynx from C3-C6
trachea from C6 to T4/5 (rmb that T4/5 is where the bronchus split into right and left)
Structure of trachea
15-20 incomplete rings of cartilage (back is open because there is oesophagus )
Tracheal glands (mucous secretions)
Trachealis (SMOOTH MUSCLE)
Epithelium of small and terminal bronchioles
Cuboidal
Diff between pneumocytes 1 and 2
1 - 95% , simple squamous , gas diffusion
2- 5%, surfactant to reduce friction, keep alveoli open (surface tension might close it)
What does the blood air barrier consist of
1 basement membrane
2 epithelial of alveoli
3 capillary endothelial
Where does the maxillary sinus open in the nasal cavity
Posterior end of the hiatus semilunaris
What opens into the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct
Where do the vocal chords attach to
Thyroid cartilage
What nerve innervates the larynx
Vagus - laryngeal branch
