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Anatomy > Thorax 1 > Flashcards

Thorax 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the thoracic wall

A

a cage made of the thoracic skeleton (vertebrae, ribs, sternum), associated cartilages (costal cartilages) and muscles connected to thoracic skeleton (intercostal, transversus thoracics and serratus posteriors)

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2
Q

what is the superior thoracic aperture?

A

ring made up of the first thoracic vertebrae, first rib + costal catyilages and superior surface of manubrium

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3
Q

what is the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

more irregular shape closed off by diaphram

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4
Q

why are the true muscles of thoracic wall true?

A

-attach to skeletal structure of thoracic wall
-act to move these structures (ie elevate or depress)

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5
Q

what are the 6 true muscles of the thoracic wall

A

-external intercostal
-internal intercostal
-innermost intercostal
-transversus thoracis
-serratus posterior superior
-serratus posterior inferior

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6
Q

how does the external interocstal muscles run?

A

-inferomedially

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7
Q

how does the interal interocstal muscles run?

A

(deeper than external)
-superomedially

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8
Q

how does the innermost interocstal muscles run?

A

(deeper than inner but v similar)
-superomedially

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9
Q

role of external intercostal

A

increase intrathoracic volume by elevating and widening rib cage during forced inspiration

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10
Q

role of internal intercostal

A

decreasing intrathoracic vol (tf increasing pressure) by depressing and narrowing rib cage during forced expiration

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11
Q

role of innermost intercostal

A

similar role to internal intercostal muscle

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12
Q

role of intercostal VAN bundle

A

intercostal vein, artery and nerve bundle supllies blood supply and innervation to the intercostal muscles and skin in that region

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13
Q

where does intercostal VAN run?

A

runs between innermost and internal intercostal muscles, sit tucked under inferior border of each rib (costal groove)

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14
Q

if a needle needed to be inserted into the ribcage (ie drain air) where would it be inserted and why?

A

superior border of each rib as collateral branching of VAN is not as important to injure as the major intercostal VAN bundle

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15
Q

origin and insertion of external intercostal muscle

A

o: inferior borders of ribs
1-11
i: superior borders of ribs immediately below origin sites

their directions (where they run) is independent of their origin and ins

so superomedially

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16
Q

origin and insertion of internal intercostal muscle

A

o: inferior borders of T1-T11 ribs + costal cartilages
i: superior borders of ribs and costal cartilages immediately below origin sites

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17
Q

origin and insertion of innermost intercostal muscle

A

o: inferior borders of T1-T11 ribs
i: superior borders of ribs immediately below origin sites

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18
Q

innervation of external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

adjacent intercostal nerves (anterior rami of thoracic nerves)

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19
Q

where does the transversus thoracis muscle lie?

A

deepest muscle on the interal surface of the thoracic cage

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20
Q

function of transversus thoracis

A

-assist forced expiration by depressing the ribs
-proprioception of position of ribcage

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21
Q

o and i of transversus thoracis

A

o: posterolateral aspects of body and xiphoid process of sternum
i: internal surface of costal cartialges and costal ends of adjacent ribs 2-6

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22
Q

what are the serratus posterior (infeior and superior) muscles of the back and their roles?

A

part of the intermidiate layers of the back with more of a role in proprioception of ribs (like transversus thoracis)
but superior: elevation
inferior: depression of ribs

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22
Q

o and i of serratus posterior superior

A

o: C7-T3
i: ribes 2-5

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23
Q

o and i of serratus posterior inferior

A

o: T11-L3
i: ribs 9-12

24
Q

describe the arterial supply of the thorax

A

the subclavian artery branches into the internal thoracic artery (which branches into the pericardiacophrenic artery, perforating branches on internal thoracic artery and musculophrenic artery)
-then the internal thoracic artery continues as the superior epigastic artery (other branches of intenral thoracic supply the intercostal muscles)

25
Q

internal thoracic artery runs where

A

parallel to sternum in wall of anterior thoracic cage (between transversus thoracis and internal intercostal)

26
Q

pericadiacophrenic artery supplies?

A

-pericardium and diaphragm

27
Q

perforating branches of internal thoracic artery supplies

A

-pec major
-breast
-overlying skin

28
Q

muscolophrenic artery supplies?

A

-intercostal muscles
-diaphragm
-abdominal muscles

29
Q

superior epigastric artery supplies

A

abdominal wall

30
Q

what is the pectoral region

A

region superior to thoracic cage

31
Q

what is the pectoral region made up of?

A

-superficial part (skin, fascia and breast tissue)
-deeper compartment (4 pairs of muscles anterior to thorax)

32
Q

what is the deeper compartment of the pectoral region made up of?

A

4 muscles
-pectoralis major
-pectoralis minor
-serratus anterior
-subclavius

33
Q

subclavius muscle function

A

stabilise clavicle during movement of upper limb

34
Q

pectoralis major function

A

adduct humerus by putting it closer to body

35
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

-downwardly rotate scapula during movement of shoulder joint
-somethimes assist with respiration

36
Q

serratus anterior function

A

-stabilise scapular + hold it close tto thoracic wall (inferior angle of scap dont wing/stick out during movement of upper limb)

37
Q

pectoralis major function

A

adduct humerus by putting it closer to body

37
Q

what muscles are deepest in the deep compartment of the pectoral region

A

deepest: subclavius, pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
more superficial: pectoralis major

38
Q

insertion and origin of pectoralis major

A

o: clavicular head (to medial 1/2 of clavical) + sternal head + some of the costal cartilages
i: greater tubercle of humerus

39
Q

o and i of pectoralis minor

A

o: ribs 3, 4 and 5
i: coracoid process of scapular

40
Q

o and i of subclavius

A

o: 1st costal cartilage
i: middle of clavicle

41
Q

o and i of serratus anterior

A

o: ribs 3-8
i: deep anterior surface of scapular at its medial border

42
Q

pectoralis major function

A

adduct humerus by putting it closer to body

42
Q

what are extrinsic muscles?

A

origin in one region, insertion in another

43
Q

what are intrinsic muscles in the back

A

origin+ insertion in back itself

44
Q

what can the extrinsic muscles be categorised into?

A

superficial and intermediate muscles

45
Q

what can the intrinsic muscles be categorised into?

A

deep muscles

46
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the back

A

-trapezius muscle
-levator scapulae
-rhomboid minor
-rhomboid major
-latissimus dorsi

47
Q

what are the intermediate muscles of the back

A

serratus posterior (superior and inferior)

48
Q

what are the deep muscles of the back

A

-spinotransversales (splenius capitis and colli)
-erector spinae
-transversospinales (semispinalis and multifidus)

49
Q

what are the erector spinae muscle made up of?

A

-iliocostalis lumborum
-iliocostalis thoracis
-longissimus thoracis
-spinalis thoracis

50
Q

role of deep musscles

A

movement of vertebral column

51
Q

role of superficial muscles

A

move shoulder joint

52
Q

role of intermediate muscles

A

-elevate or depress ribs
-proprrioception in ribs

53
Q

what does the first thoracic mixed spinal nerve of the spinal cord very quickly divide into?

A

posterior and anterior ramus of first thoracic nerve

55
Q

role of posterior ramus of the thoracic nerve

A

innervating deep muscles of back

56
Q

role of anterior ramus of the thoracic nerve

A

-supreficial + intermediate layers of brank
-brachial + lumbar plexues

(bigger than posterior due to mas sig role)

57
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve (c5-c7)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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