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Anatomy > HNS 4 > Flashcards

HNS 4 Flashcards

1
Q

function of the meatus

A

vascularised and warms and humidies air and traps pathogens

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2
Q

what nerves innervate the nasal cavity?

A

I, V, VII, T1 sympathetic nerves of spinal cord

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3
Q

what is the function of olfactory (I) nerve in the nasal cavity

A

olfaction (smell)

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4
Q

what is the function of trigeminal (V) nerve in the nasal cavity

A

general sensation
V1: anterior region
V2: posterior region

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5
Q

what is the function of facial (VII) nerve in the nasal cavity

A

glands via parasympathetic fibres

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6
Q

what is the function of sympathetic nerves from T1 of spinal cord in the nasal cavity

A

vascular smooth muscle

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7
Q

what vessels supplies the nasal cavity

A

internal carotid artery and branches of external carotid

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8
Q

why is there a risk of infection from the nasal cavity to the cranial cavity

A

some blood vessels that drain the nasal cavity pass through the cavernous sinus-> cranial cavity

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9
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses and their innervations

A

V1: frontal sinuses
V1 and V2: ethmoid air cells and sphenoid sinuses
V2: maxillary sinus

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10
Q

function of paranasal sinuses

A

-air-filled spaces (with some being mucus secreting) that decreases weight of skull, acting as crumple zones, increasing resonance of voice + humidifying and heating inhaled air

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11
Q

how does the facial nerve runs through the ear?

A

runs through the middle ear from internal acoustic meatus and continues into the opening to nasal cavity, via pharyngotympanic tube (has branch in middle ear called chorda tympani for a2/3 (t) that goes down and joins facial nerve out o& stylomastoid foramen)

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12
Q

where does the facial nerve originate?

A

lateral surface of brainstem between pons and medulla

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13
Q

motor functions of facial nerve (large)

A

-muscles of facial expression
-stapedius (ear)
-posterior belly of digastric muscle
-stylohyoid

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14
Q

sensory and motor functions of facial nerve (smaller-intermediate)

A

-taste in A2/3 tongue
-hard + soft palates
-general from external acoustic meatus (ear canal) and deeper parts of auricle
-(motor)parasympathetic glands of nasal cavity (lacrimal, mucous) and sublingual and submandibular glands

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15
Q

function of chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)

A

taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue
parasymp innervation to sublingual and submandibular glands

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16
Q

origin of all rectus muscles

A

common tendinous ring

17
Q

what nerve innervates the rectus muscles

A

Oculomotor (III) except lateral rectus (abducens CN VI)

18
Q

what are the muscles of the eye

A

-rectus (superior, inferior, lateral, medial)
-obliques (superior, inferior)
-levator palpebrae superioris

19
Q

what innervates inferior oblique

A

Oculomotor III

20
Q

origin of inferior oblique

A

orbital surface of maxilla

21
Q

what innervates superior oblique

A

Trochlear (IV)

21
Q

origin of superior oblique

A

body of sphenoid

22
Q

origin of superior oblique

A

body of sphenoid

23
Q

describe the isolated muscle actions for each muscle of the eye

A

LR: laterally
MR: medially (towards nose)
SR: superior medially
IR: inferior medially
IO: superior laterally
SO: inferior laterally (down and out muscle)

24
Q

how do we test eye muscle actions clinically for superior rectus? What about superior oblique?

A

-ask patient to look outwards and then ubpwards showing an abducted movement
-ask patient to look inwards than downwards showing adducted movement

25
Q

how do we test eye muscle actions clinically for superior rectus? What about superior oblique?

A

-ask patient to look outwards and then ubpwards showing an abducted movement
-ask patient to look inwards than downwards showing adducted movement

26
Q

function of oculomotor III nerve on the eye

A

innervates number of muscles that move the eye and contain autonomic fibres that alters thickness of lens and pupil size

27
Q

what ganglion allows parasympathetic and sympathetic changing on pupil size and lens thickness

A

ciliary ganglion of oculomotor nerve (III)

28
Q

what supplies lacrimal gland

A

sensation: lacrimal nerve of opthalmic division V1
motor: facial nerve

29
Q

what are all the nerves of the orbit?

A

vision: optic (II)
lens thickness + pupil size: oculomotor (III) ciliary ganglion
movement of eye: III, IV, VI, oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
lacrimal gland: V1 (s) and VII (pm)

30
Q

what nerves are found in the cavernoius sinous

A

superior -> inferior
-oculomotor nerve iii
-trochlear nerve iv
-abducent nerve vi
-opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve v1
-maxillary division of trigeminal nerve v2

31
Q

what is inferior to the cavernous sinus?

A

sphenoidal (paranasal) sinus

32
Q

function of the lacrimal system

A

production and (medial) movement + drainage (via nasolacrimal duct) of fluid from surface of eye

Anatomy (10 decks)

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