Thoracic wall, plural cavities, lungs

Question 1

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 1

• Sternal angle to T4-T5
  – Divides superior and
  inferior mediastina
  – Bifurcation of trachea
  – Beginning & ending of
  aortic arch

Question 2

What are the numbers of the true, false and floating ribs?

Answer 2

– True (1-7)
– False (8-10)
– Floating (11-12)

Question 3

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 3

top of rib cage, esophagus, trachea nerves and vessels pass through

Question 4

what is the inferior thoracic outlet?

Answer 4

closed by diaphragm, IVC, esophagus and aorta pass through

Question 5

When the diaphragm contracts what happens?

Answer 5

inspiration (expiration when relaxed)

Question 6

what is the innervation of the thoracic wall?

Answer 6

intercostal nerves (derived from ventral rami of spinal nerves)

Question 7

what movements occur during inspiration of the ribs?

Answer 7

increase in anterior, posterior, transverse an vertical dimension

Question 8

What are the muscles of the thoracic wall?

Answer 8

innermost intercostal, internal intercostal, external intercostal (transverse thoracis under sternum)

Question 9

what artery supplies the posterior thoracic wall?

Answer 9

posterior intercostal arteries (branches off descending aorta)

Question 10

anterior intercostal artery is a branch off of….

Answer 10

internal thoracic (which comes from the subclavian artery)

Question 11

what artery runs along the anterior internal thoracic wall?

Answer 11

internal thoracic artery

Question 12

In short which arteries supply the thoracic wall?

Answer 12

anterior intercostal a.
posterior intercostal a.
internal thoracic a.

Question 13

posterior intercostal veins drain to the

Answer 13

azygous system (which goes into SVC)

Question 14

What is the pleura?

Answer 14

Single continuous membrane, divided into:
–Visceral Pleura- external surface of the lungs
–Parietal Pleura- Lines the cavity (Adherent to the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and superior surface of diaphragm)

Question 15

For lymphatic drainage anything above the umbilicus is drained by _____ and anything above umbilicus is drained by _____

Answer 15

Axillary nodes
inguinal nodes

Question 16

How many layers is the pleura?

Answer 16

it is one layer, it just appears to be two in the way that it surrounds the organ (like pushing hand into a balloon)

Question 17

Parietal pleura is innervated by nerves of the thoracic wall that contain _________ pain fibers. THEY ENABLE THE INDIVIDUAL TO FEEL ______

Answer 17

somatic afferent (SA) ,
SHARP PAIN THAT IS WELL LOCALIZED

Question 18

the left lung has ___ lobes, they are named:

Answer 18

two
superior
inferior

Question 19

Visceral afferents (VA) to
the lungs/visceral pleura do
not contain ___________ these pain
fibers so _____________

Answer 19

somatic pain fibers
SO INDIVIDUAL FEELS VAGUE POORLY LOCALIZED PAIN AT BEST

Question 20

the right lung has ___ lobes, they are named:

Answer 20

3
superior
middle
inferior
(also had a horizontal fissure separating superior and middle lobes)

Question 21

if you inhale something which lung is it likely to find it in? Why?

Answer 21

right because it is more in straight in line with main bronchi

Question 22

what anatomy is present on the superior lobe of the left lung

Answer 22

cardiac notch and lingula

Question 22

Each mainstem bronchus
further divides into secondary
bronchi called

Answer 22

lobar bronchi (enter the individual lobes of each lung)

Question 23

what makes up the conducting vs respiratory zones of the lungs?

Answer 23

conducting is till 16th division
then becomes respiratory where alveoli are for gas exchange

Question 24

where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea?

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

what is the difference between pulmonary and bronchial vessels?

Answer 25

• Pulmonary vessels
  – Vessels that deliver/take blood from lungs for oxygenation
• Bronchial vessels
  – Vessels of the lungs (supply lungs with blood needed for function)

Question 26

where does the right lung lymphatics drain?

Answer 26

Right lung drains into
right lymphatic duct

Question 27

where does the left lung lymphatics drain?

Answer 27

thoracic duct