Kidneys

Question 1

Where is the right kidney?

Answer 1

posterior to IVC, slightly lower than left due to kidney
(also posterior to the tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure)

Question 2

Upper pole of left kidney
and the left adrenal gland
in the posterior wall of the
______________

Answer 2

omental bursa (lesser sac)

Question 3

the ureters descend anterior to what?

Answer 3

psoas major

Question 4

the left kidney is in relationship to what four things?

Answer 4

spleen, tail of pancreas, sphenic flexure left adrenal gland

Question 5

the right kidney is in relationship with what four things?

Answer 5

liver, 2nd part duodenum, hepatic flexure, right adrenal gland

Question 6

the ureter has what kind of peritoneum?

Answer 6

retroperitoneal (same as the kidney)

Question 7

renal veins go from _____ and drain to ____

Answer 7

renal hilum, IVC

Question 8

what is significant about the left kidneys vasculature in comparison to the right?

Answer 8

left renal vein is longer and crosses anterior to the aorta, SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY RUNS ABOVE IT

Question 9

the portal vein carries _______

Answer 9

oxygen poor but nutrient rich blood

Question 10

urine is produced in the _____ and refined in the ______

Answer 10

renal cortex
renal medulla

Question 11

list the steps of urine collection

Answer 11

renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
bladder

Question 12

what is nutcracker syndrome?

Answer 12

SMA crushes the left renal artery

Question 13

what is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 13

kidney stones

Question 14

where are kidney stones likely to get stuck?

Answer 14

-ureteropelvic junction
-pelvic brim
-entrance into bladder

Question 15

what are the three unpaired branches off the aorta?

Answer 15

celiac trunk
superior/inferior mesenteric a

Question 16

what are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 16

middle/right colic
iliocolic

Question 17

what are the branches of the IMA?

Answer 17

left colic
sigmoidal
superior rectal

Question 18

the portal vein drains

Answer 18

GI tract
returns to liver

Question 19

what are the three autonomic nerve plexuses surrounding the unpaired branches of the descending aorta?

Answer 19

celiac plexus
superior and inferior mesenteric plexus
(run with the artery to the organ)

Question 20

the thoracic splanchnic nerve, ( also lumbar, pelvic and sacral) is _____

Answer 20

pre ganglionic nerve

Question 21

where does the thoracic splanchnic nerve synapse?

Answer 21

celiac ganglion (also gets sympathetic innervation and parasympathetic from vagus)

Question 22

what is the lumbar plexus spinal levels?

Answer 22

ventral rami T12-L5
(plexus located superficial to parietal peritoneum of posterior abdomen wall)

Question 23

what does the lumbosacral plexus do?

Answer 23

sensory and motor somatic innervation for lower limb