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Anatomical Science Exam 3 > Abdomen, peritoneum, Organs > Flashcards

Abdomen, peritoneum, Organs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall Superficial to deep

A

Superficial to deep
● Skin
● Subcutaneous layer
● Muscles
● Transversalis fascia
● Extraperitoneal fat
● Parietal peritoneum (lines the abdominal cavity)

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2
Q

what is caput medusa?

A

swelling of superficial veins on abdomen

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3
Q

what nerves innervate the abdominal wall?

A

thoracoabdominal (T7-T11)
subcostal (T12)
ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

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4
Q

what does t7 dermatome supply?

A

tip of ziphoid process

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5
Q

what does the t10 dermatome innervate?

A

umbilicus

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6
Q

what does the l1 dermatome innervate?

A

pubic bone, inguinal fold

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7
Q

what is the job of the internal and external oblique muscles?

A

Compress and support abdominal visceral,
flex and rotate trunk

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8
Q

which muscle’s aponeurosis makes up the inguinal ligament?

A

external abdominal oblique

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9
Q

what is the function of transversus abdominus?

A

compress and support abdominal viscera

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10
Q

what is the rectus sheath made of?

A

Formed by the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques, and the transversus abdominis

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11
Q

what arteries supply the abdominal wall?

A

superior/inferior epigastric arteries

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12
Q

what makes the superior and deep inguinal ring?

A

superficial: external adnominal oblique aponeurosis
Deep: transceralis fascia

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13
Q

what is in the inguinal canal in males?

A

spermatic cord, a, v, n,

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14
Q

in males and females what runs through the inguinal canal?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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15
Q

what muscle makes something important in the male inguinal region?

A

internal oblique extends to become cremaster muscle (brings testes up and down in temperature response)

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16
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

medial to inferior epigastric artery

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17
Q

what is a indirect hernia?

A

lateral to inferior epigastric artery (however these are more likely to get into the testicle)d

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18
Q

describe where the liver is

A

right under the right ribs, covered by diagram
“Extends inferiorly to
costal margin on right
and across midline to
left midclavicular line”

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19
Q

where is the gallbladder?

A

Fundus located at tip of
right 9th costal cartilage
on transpyloric plane
(L1)

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20
Q

where is the spleen?

A

left side, 9-10 rib
parallel to 10 rib
inferior pole no further forward than midaxillary line

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21
Q

Locate the upper pole of
kidneys by rib levels:
* Left: ________
* Right: __________
Locate the hilum of the kidneys: __________

A

10th intercostal space
11th intercostal space
L1

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22
Q

where is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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23
Q

what level is the pylorus?

A

transpyloric plane L1

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24
Q

where are the parts of the duodenum?

A

1st part:
* L1 (transpyloric plane)
3rd part:
* L3 (subcostal plane)
2nd part:
* L3
4th part:
* L2

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25
Q

where is the pancreas?

A

Head: L1-3
Neck: L1
tail heads to hilum of spleen

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26
Q

where is the appendix?

A

arises from cecum 1/3 distance from right anterior superior iliac spine to umbilicus

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27
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

double layer of peritoneum that enclose the organ and its vasculature connecting to body wall

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28
Q

what is the nervous innervation of the parietal peritoneum ? what does this allow?

A

somatic afferent
allows sensation of temp/pain with specificity (sharp localized)

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29
Q

what is the nervous innervation of the visceral peritoneum ? what does this allow?

A

visceral do not sense temperature, pain, ONLY stretch and chemical
(dull poorly localized)

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30
Q

what is significant about the coronary ligament of the liver?

A

attachment site for visceral and parietal pleura

31
Q

what is the transverse mesocolon?

A

mesentery of the transverse colon

32
Q

what is the pouch that separates the bladder and rectum in males?

A

rectovesical pouch

33
Q

what is the pouch that separates the bladder and ovary in males?

A

rectouterine pouch

34
Q

what is the pouch that separates the rectum and ovary in males?

A

rectouterine pouch

35
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

ascending, descending, retroperitoneal, kidney, pancreas, duodenum
AC/DC Rocker Kids Party Down

36
Q

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, first part of duodenum

37
Q

what quadrant is the stomach in?

A

upper left

38
Q

what artery supplies the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

39
Q

what are the branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Common hepatic
left gastric
splenic
(left hand side)

40
Q

what makes up the portal triad?

A

common bile duct
proper hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein

41
Q

what is the pringle maneuver?

A

you can stop all blood flow to the liver by clamping down on the portal triad

42
Q

the epiploic foramen is bordered by

A

Anterior: portal triad
posterior: IVC

43
Q

what does the portal system of veins do?

A

Drains GI tract (nutrient rich, oxygen poor blood), returns
it to liver

44
Q

where does the gallbladder get blood from?

A

proper hepatic a

45
Q

where does the common bile duct open to duodenum?

A

goes posterior to first part and drains into second part at the DUODENUM PAPILLA

46
Q

what arteries supplies the duodenum?

A

1st part: celiac trunk
2-4: superior mesenteric

47
Q

what kind of covering does the 2-4 part of duodenum have?

A

retroperitoneal

48
Q

what lays posterior to the 1 part of duodenum?

A

Gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, common bile duct

49
Q

what does the spleen do?

A

largest lymphatic organ; white
cell proliferation, immune
system function, removes
old RBCs and platelets,
recycles iron & globin,
blood volume reservoir;
NOT part of GI system

50
Q

what artery supplies the pancreas?

A

head and uncinate: celiac and superior mesenteric
neck, body tail: splenic

51
Q

what provides autonomic innervation to the foregut?

A

celiac ganglion
splanchnic nerve
superior/inferior mesentaric nerves

52
Q

what artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric a

53
Q

what is the organization of the layers of the small intestine?

A

smooth muscle, alternating layers, visceral peritoneum

54
Q

what is one anatomical difference between the jejunum and ileum?

A

jej ha a lot of circular folds whereas the ileum is smooth

55
Q

what does the inside of the colon look like?

A

triangular

56
Q

what are the branches off the superior mesenteric artery?

A

middle colic
right colic
ileocolic

57
Q

what are the branches off the inferior mesenteric a

A

left colic
sigmoidal
superior rectal

58
Q

what is the marginal artery of drummond?

A

vessel that forms a major anastomotic network between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.

59
Q

what nerves innervate the hindgut?

A

The pelvic splanchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation, while the sacral splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation.

60
Q

what nerves innervate the midgut?

A

The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation, while the superior splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation

61
Q

what travels in the splenic, inferior and superior mesenteric veins?

A

ox poor, nutrient rich blood

62
Q

the portal system drains into IVC through:

A

hepatic veins

63
Q

right renal, gonadal and hepatic veins drain into:

A

IVC

64
Q

left gonadal vein drains into

A

left renal vein (because aorta is in the way of it getting to IVC)

65
Q

if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the paraumbilical vein drain?

A

superficial epigastric vein

66
Q

if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the left gastric vein drain?

A

esophageal veins

67
Q

if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the left and right colic vein drain?

A

retroperitoneal veins

68
Q

The left gastric vein, which drains
the stomach and lower esophagus, forms an anastomosis with the __________ that drain into azygos vein and
superior vena cava

A

mid- and upper esophageal veins

69
Q
A
70
Q

The left gastric vein, which drains
the stomach and lower esophagus, forms an anastomosis with the mid and upper esophageal veins that drain into

A

azygos vein and
superior vena cava

71
Q

___________ (which
typically drain into the left
branch of the portal vein)
course along the ligmentum
teres & form an anastomosis
around the umbilicus with
superficial epigastric veins in
the anterior abdominal wall
which drain into the superior
& inferior vena cavae

A

Paraumbilical veins

72
Q

______________
tributaries to inferior
mesenteric vein form an
anastomosis with
middle & inferior rectal
vein

A

Superior rectal vein

73
Q

__________tributaries to
internal iliac vein which
drains into the inferior
vena cava

A

middle & inferior rectal
vein

74
Q

Right & left colic veins
(with tributaries to
superior & inferior
mesenteric veins) form an
anastomosis in the
retroperitoneum with
_____

A

lumbar veins

Anatomical Science Exam 3 (12 decks)

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