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Anatomical Science Exam 3 > All Upper limb Topics > Flashcards

All Upper limb Topics Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow? What is its primary motion?

A

● Joints involved: humeroradial & humeroulnar
● Primary motion: flexion and extension

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2
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint and what motion does it do?

A

● Joint involved: proximal (superior) radioulnar
● Primary motion: pronation & supination

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3
Q

When in anatomical position the hands are in what position?

A

supine (radius and ulna parallel)

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4
Q

The ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow allows what movement?

A

resists abduction at elbow

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4
Q

The annular ligament of the elbow allows what movement?

A

radial head rotation

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4
Q

the intermediate radioulnar joint is what type of joint?

A

syndesmosis

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5
Q

the intermediate Radioulnar Joint
is formed by ____ ______ between radius and ulna, prevents radius and ulna from separating

A

interosseous membrane

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

pivot

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6
Q

The radial collateral ligament of the elbow allows what movement?

A

resists adduction at elbow

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7
Q

What is luxation of the elbow joint?

A

bones forced out of normal alignment (ex pulling a child by their hands and swinging them makes radius fall out of its ligament)

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8
Q

the dermatome for the musculocutaneous nerve is _____

A

the lateral forearm

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8
Q

what is the difference between a dermatome and a cutaneous field?

A

–A dermatome map shows the area of skin supplied by each “spinal nerve
–A cutaneous fields diagram shows the area of skin supplied by cutaneous branches of each “peripheral nerve”

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9
Q

the dermatome for the radial nerve is the _______

A

posterior arm and forearm

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10
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm? what movement do they provide?

A

Triceps brachii
extension

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11
Q

What is the innervation of all anterior compartment muscles in the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the ARM? What is this compartments movement?

A

 Biceps brachii
 Brachialis
 Coracobrachialis
Flexors

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12
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

supinates forearm
**elbow flexion in supination

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12
Q

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

A

flexes and adducts the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
NOT ELBOW

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13
Q

What is the action of the brachialis muscle?

A

flexes elbow joint in all positions

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

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15
Q

what is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

shoulder extensor;
extends forearm at elbow

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16
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve then emerges ____ to biceps brachii, where it provides _____ innervation

A

lateral
cutaneous

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16
Q

The radial nerve Descends – along with the deep brachial
artery – in triangular interval, and through the ______ on the shaft of the humerus

A

radial groove

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16
Q

The Musculocutaneous nerve Arises from ______ cord, pierces
______, courses distally
between _____ and _______.

A

lateral
coracobrachialis
brachialis and biceps
brachii

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17
Q

If you have and injury on the surgical neck of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?

A

axillary n

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17
Q

the radial nerve supplies _____

A

all muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm (and forearm)

18
Q

If you have and injury on the middle of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?

A

radial nerve

19
Q

If you have and injury on the distal end of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?

A

median nerve

20
Q

If you have and injury on the medial epicondyle of the humorus then you risk harming which structure?

A

ulnar nerve

21
Q

If you have and injury on the lateral epicondyle of the humorus then you risk harming which structure?

A

radial nerve

22
Q

Where does the median nerve run?

A

down the middle of the humorous

23
Q

What artery runs down the arm and where does it split?

A

brachial artery
becomes radial and ulnar at the cubital fossa region is were it splits

24
Q

What is the order of the deep veins of the arm from distal to proximal?

A

● Deep dorsal and palmar venous arches
● Radial vein
● Ulnar vein
● Brachial vein
● Axillary vein
● Subclavian veins

25
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A
  • Lateral: Brachioradialis
  • Medial: Pronator teres
  • Superior: imaginary line between two epicondyles
  • Roof: Skin, superficial fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
  • Floor: Brachialis and supinator mm.
26
Q

What runs through the cubital fossa?

A

median nerve
radial nerve (splits to Sup/deep radian)
Brachial A and V (both split to ulnar and radial divisions)
bucepts tendon

27
Q

What is the clinical significance of the compartments of the arm?

A

Compartment Syndrome (increase in pressure of the compartment causes nerve or vessel constriction)

28
Q

What is the contents of the anterior antebrachial compartments?

A

– Flexors (of Wrist or Digits)
– Pronators

29
Q

What is the contents of the posterior antebrachial compartments?

A

– Extensors ( of Wrist and Digits)
– Supinator

30
Q

What muscles allow for pronation of the forearm?

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

31
Q

What muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?

A

wrist flexors and pronator teres (anterior compartment)

32
Q

what does the brachial artery become?

A

ulnar a which becomes posterior interosseous artery

33
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior forearm?

A

radial (“nerve of extension”)

34
Q

where do muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm attach?

A

lateral epicondyle

35
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

–Chronic irritation & inflammation of common extensor tendon
–pain localized to common extensor tendon

36
Q

what is medial epicondylitis?

A

–Chronic irritation & inflammation of common flexor tendon
– Leads to pain localized to the common flexor tendon (proximal anterior compartment)

37
Q

The proximal row of carpal bones articulates with what?

A

distal radius

38
Q

the distal row of carpal bones articulates with what?

A

metacarpals

39
Q

what kind of joint is the radiocarpal and mid carpal joint?

A

synovial

40
Q

what precautions are associated with a foosh injury?

A

–Blood supply could become compromised to proximal portion of scaphoid
* Avascular necrosis

41
Q

What is most commonly injured with a foosh injury and where is pain localized?

A
  • Scaphoid is most commonly fractured carpal (and lunate)
  • Pain localized to “anatomic snuffbox”
42
Q

Interosseous muscles are innervated by ____ nerve, perform ______ and _____ of digits

A

ulnar
abduction & adduction

43
Q

the opponens pollicis is innervated by ______.

A

median nerve (all thenar muscles too)

43
Q

Opponens muscles, found within the thenar- and hypothenar- eminences perform _____

A

opposition

44
Q

the opponins digiti minimi is innervated by _____

A

ulnar nerve (all hypothenar muscles too)

45
Q

extrinsic diget flexors cross wrist joint where?

A

deep to the flexor retinaculum

46
Q

what is the flexor retinaculum?

A

connective tissue covering the flexor tendon so they stay in place

47
Q

What is in the carpal tunnel?

A

9 flexor tendons and MEDIAN nerve

48
Q

what does NOT pass THROUGH the carpal tunnel?

A

vasculature or ulnar nerve

49
Q

what part of the hand is effected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

– Motor: Thenar atrophy
– Sensory: Median nerve cutaneous distribution (palm, thumb, pointer, middle finger, half ring finger)

50
Q

Ulnar & Radial arteries contribute to ______, forming an
anastomosis, ensuring blood supply to digits

A

palmar arches

51
Q

what is the origin of the basilic vein?

A

dorsal venous network

52
Q

what are the veins on the surface of the dorsum of hand called?

A

dorsal venous network

53
Q

The Drain dorsal hand, forearm becomes

A

Cephalic vein and Basilic vein

54
Q

go over the cutaneous nerve distribution

A

Anatomical Science Exam 3 (12 decks)

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