All Upper limb Topics Flashcards
What kind of joint is the elbow? What is its primary motion?
● Joints involved: humeroradial & humeroulnar
● Primary motion: flexion and extension
What type of joint is the radioulnar joint and what motion does it do?
● Joint involved: proximal (superior) radioulnar
● Primary motion: pronation & supination
When in anatomical position the hands are in what position?
supine (radius and ulna parallel)
The ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow allows what movement?
resists abduction at elbow
The annular ligament of the elbow allows what movement?
radial head rotation
the intermediate radioulnar joint is what type of joint?
syndesmosis
the intermediate Radioulnar Joint
is formed by ____ ______ between radius and ulna, prevents radius and ulna from separating
interosseous membrane
What kind of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
pivot
The radial collateral ligament of the elbow allows what movement?
resists adduction at elbow
What is luxation of the elbow joint?
bones forced out of normal alignment (ex pulling a child by their hands and swinging them makes radius fall out of its ligament)
the dermatome for the musculocutaneous nerve is _____
the lateral forearm
what is the difference between a dermatome and a cutaneous field?
–A dermatome map shows the area of skin supplied by each “spinal nerve
–A cutaneous fields diagram shows the area of skin supplied by cutaneous branches of each “peripheral nerve”
the dermatome for the radial nerve is the _______
posterior arm and forearm
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm? what movement do they provide?
Triceps brachii
extension
What is the innervation of all anterior compartment muscles in the arm?
musculocutaneous nerve
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the ARM? What is this compartments movement?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Flexors
What is the action of biceps brachii?
supinates forearm
**elbow flexion in supination
What is the action of coracobrachialis?
flexes and adducts the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
NOT ELBOW
What is the action of the brachialis muscle?
flexes elbow joint in all positions
What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
what is the action of the triceps brachii?
shoulder extensor;
extends forearm at elbow
the musculocutaneous nerve then emerges ____ to biceps brachii, where it provides _____ innervation
lateral
cutaneous
The radial nerve Descends – along with the deep brachial
artery – in triangular interval, and through the ______ on the shaft of the humerus
radial groove
The Musculocutaneous nerve Arises from ______ cord, pierces
______, courses distally
between _____ and _______.
lateral
coracobrachialis
brachialis and biceps
brachii
If you have and injury on the surgical neck of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?
axillary n
the radial nerve supplies _____
all muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm (and forearm)
If you have and injury on the middle of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?
radial nerve
If you have and injury on the distal end of the humorous then you risk harming which structure?
median nerve
If you have and injury on the medial epicondyle of the humorus then you risk harming which structure?
ulnar nerve
If you have and injury on the lateral epicondyle of the humorus then you risk harming which structure?
radial nerve
Where does the median nerve run?
down the middle of the humorous
What artery runs down the arm and where does it split?
brachial artery
becomes radial and ulnar at the cubital fossa region is were it splits
What is the order of the deep veins of the arm from distal to proximal?
● Deep dorsal and palmar venous arches
● Radial vein
● Ulnar vein
● Brachial vein
● Axillary vein
● Subclavian veins
what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
- Lateral: Brachioradialis
- Medial: Pronator teres
- Superior: imaginary line between two epicondyles
- Roof: Skin, superficial fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
- Floor: Brachialis and supinator mm.
What runs through the cubital fossa?
median nerve
radial nerve (splits to Sup/deep radian)
Brachial A and V (both split to ulnar and radial divisions)
bucepts tendon
What is the clinical significance of the compartments of the arm?
Compartment Syndrome (increase in pressure of the compartment causes nerve or vessel constriction)
What is the contents of the anterior antebrachial compartments?
– Flexors (of Wrist or Digits)
– Pronators
What is the contents of the posterior antebrachial compartments?
– Extensors ( of Wrist and Digits)
– Supinator
What muscles allow for pronation of the forearm?
pronator teres and pronator quadratus
What muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?
wrist flexors and pronator teres (anterior compartment)
what does the brachial artery become?
ulnar a which becomes posterior interosseous artery
what nerve innervates the posterior forearm?
radial (“nerve of extension”)
where do muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm attach?
lateral epicondyle
What is lateral epicondylitis?
–Chronic irritation & inflammation of common extensor tendon
–pain localized to common extensor tendon
what is medial epicondylitis?
–Chronic irritation & inflammation of common flexor tendon
– Leads to pain localized to the common flexor tendon (proximal anterior compartment)
The proximal row of carpal bones articulates with what?
distal radius
the distal row of carpal bones articulates with what?
metacarpals
what kind of joint is the radiocarpal and mid carpal joint?
synovial
what precautions are associated with a foosh injury?
–Blood supply could become compromised to proximal portion of scaphoid
* Avascular necrosis
What is most commonly injured with a foosh injury and where is pain localized?
- Scaphoid is most commonly fractured carpal (and lunate)
- Pain localized to “anatomic snuffbox”
Interosseous muscles are innervated by ____ nerve, perform ______ and _____ of digits
ulnar
abduction & adduction
the opponens pollicis is innervated by ______.
median nerve (all thenar muscles too)
Opponens muscles, found within the thenar- and hypothenar- eminences perform _____
opposition
the opponins digiti minimi is innervated by _____
ulnar nerve (all hypothenar muscles too)
extrinsic diget flexors cross wrist joint where?
deep to the flexor retinaculum
what is the flexor retinaculum?
connective tissue covering the flexor tendon so they stay in place
What is in the carpal tunnel?
9 flexor tendons and MEDIAN nerve
what does NOT pass THROUGH the carpal tunnel?
vasculature or ulnar nerve
what part of the hand is effected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
– Motor: Thenar atrophy
– Sensory: Median nerve cutaneous distribution (palm, thumb, pointer, middle finger, half ring finger)
Ulnar & Radial arteries contribute to ______, forming an
anastomosis, ensuring blood supply to digits
palmar arches
what is the origin of the basilic vein?
dorsal venous network
what are the veins on the surface of the dorsum of hand called?
dorsal venous network
The Drain dorsal hand, forearm becomes
Cephalic vein and Basilic vein
go over the cutaneous nerve distribution
