Thoracic Wall, Lungs, Middle Mediastinum Flashcards
What are the various superior boundaries for the thoracic cavity?
- Sternal angle (anterior)
- Rib 2 (lateral)
- Between T4 and T5 (posterior)
What are the three parts of the sternum?
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
Where is the sternal angle?
Connection of manubrium and body of sternum
The head of each rib articulates with what?
2 vertebral bodies and 1 disc
Which part of the rib articulates with a transverse process?
Tubercle
What sits in the costal groove?
Intercostal v., a. and n.
The internal thoracic artery and vein travel between the ___ and ___ intercostal spaces.
2nd and 4th
Which intercostal nerves carry cutaneous innervation for the pecs?
Lat. and ant. intercostal nerves (4-6)
The pectoralis minor is enveloped in ________ fascia.
clavipectoral
What nerve do the intercostals branch from anteriorly?
Internal thoracic
How many layers of intercostal muscles are there?
3
Where are the collateral branches found in the intercostal space?
Inferior
Which pleura is most sensitive to pain?
Parietal pleura
Which pleura directly covers the lungs?
Visceral pleura
T/F: Both pleural layers are continuous at the root of the lung.
TRUE
Fluid in the ______ can compress lungs and cause difficulty breathing.
pleural cavity
________ is accumulation of air in pleural cavity; ______ is accumulation of blood
Pneumothorax; hemothorax
If the pleural cavity is filled with air, what will the xray look like?
The air filled cavity will be pure clear; the actual long has white whispy lines (bronchi)
Where do you insert a needle for a pleural tap?
ICS 6 or 7 slightly inferior within the space
Which lung has three lobes?
Right
Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Right
What is RALS?
Right Anterior Left Superior.
Regarding pulmonary artery in relation to bronchi
The inferior portion of the pleura sleeve at the root of the lung is called what?
Pulmonary ligament
What are the names for the various types of bronchi?
- Primary (Main)
- Secondary (lobar)
- Tertiary (segmental)
What provides innervation for the root of the lungs?
- Sympathetic trunk: dilate bronchioles
2. Vagus nerves: constricts the bronchioles
T/F: The vagus nerves dilate the bronchioles.
FALSE
Constrict
What artery supplies the bronchi and lungs?
Bronchial arteries
What are the boundaries for the mediastinum?
Thoracic inlet to diaphragm and sternum to T12
What major structures are found in the middle mediastinum?
- Pericardium and heart
- Phrenic nerves
- Pericardiacophrenic vessels
- Roots of great vessels to and from heart
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
- Outer fibrous layer
2. Inner serous layer
How many vessels pierce the pericardium?
8
SVC, IJV, aorta, pulm. trunk, 4 pulm. veins
Accumulation of fluid in what the paricardial ____ can cause paricardial ______ and cause heart failure.
cavity; effusion
