Thoracic Wall, Lungs, Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

What are the various superior boundaries for the thoracic cavity?

Answer 1

1. Sternal angle (anterior)
2. Rib 2 (lateral)
3. Between T4 and T5 (posterior)

Question 2

What are the three parts of the sternum?

Answer 2

1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process

Question 3

Where is the sternal angle?

Answer 3

Connection of manubrium and body of sternum

Question 4

The head of each rib articulates with what?

Answer 4

2 vertebral bodies and 1 disc

Question 5

Which part of the rib articulates with a transverse process?

Answer 5

Tubercle

Question 6

What sits in the costal groove?

Answer 6

Intercostal v., a. and n.

Question 7

The internal thoracic artery and vein travel between the ___ and ___ intercostal spaces.

Answer 7

2nd and 4th

Question 8

Which intercostal nerves carry cutaneous innervation for the pecs?

Answer 8

Lat. and ant. intercostal nerves (4-6)

Question 9

The pectoralis minor is enveloped in ________ fascia.

Answer 9

clavipectoral

Question 10

What nerve do the intercostals branch from anteriorly?

Answer 10

Internal thoracic

Question 11

How many layers of intercostal muscles are there?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

Where are the collateral branches found in the intercostal space?

Answer 12

Inferior

Question 13

Which pleura is most sensitive to pain?

Answer 13

Parietal pleura

Question 14

Which pleura directly covers the lungs?

Answer 14

Visceral pleura

Question 15

T/F: Both pleural layers are continuous at the root of the lung.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Fluid in the ______ can compress lungs and cause difficulty breathing.

Answer 16

pleural cavity

Question 17

________ is accumulation of air in pleural cavity; ______ is accumulation of blood

Answer 17

Pneumothorax; hemothorax

Question 18

If the pleural cavity is filled with air, what will the xray look like?

Answer 18

The air filled cavity will be pure clear; the actual long has white whispy lines (bronchi)

Question 19

Where do you insert a needle for a pleural tap?

Answer 19

ICS 6 or 7 slightly inferior within the space

Question 20

Which lung has three lobes?

Answer 20

Right

Question 21

Which lung has a horizontal fissure?

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

What is RALS?

Answer 22

Right Anterior Left Superior.

Regarding pulmonary artery in relation to bronchi

Question 23

The inferior portion of the pleura sleeve at the root of the lung is called what?

Answer 23

Pulmonary ligament

Question 24

What are the names for the various types of bronchi?

Answer 24

1. Primary (Main)
2. Secondary (lobar)
3. Tertiary (segmental)

Question 25

What provides innervation for the root of the lungs?

Answer 25

1. Sympathetic trunk: dilate bronchioles

2. Vagus nerves: constricts the bronchioles

Question 26

T/F: The vagus nerves dilate the bronchioles.

Answer 26

FALSE

Constrict

Question 27

What artery supplies the bronchi and lungs?

Answer 27

Bronchial arteries

Question 28

What are the boundaries for the mediastinum?

Answer 28

Thoracic inlet to diaphragm and sternum to T12

Question 29

What major structures are found in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 29

1. Pericardium and heart
2. Phrenic nerves
3. Pericardiacophrenic vessels
4. Roots of great vessels to and from heart

Question 30

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 30

1. Outer fibrous layer

2. Inner serous layer

Question 31

How many vessels pierce the pericardium?

Answer 31

8

SVC, IJV, aorta, pulm. trunk, 4 pulm. veins

Question 32

Accumulation of fluid in what the paricardial ____ can cause paricardial ______ and cause heart failure.

Answer 32

cavity; effusion