Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the various structures related to the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Caudate
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus
  4. Substantia nigra
  5. Subthalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: The putamen is a large nucleus with a head, body, and tail.

A

FALSE

Caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Of the basal ganglia components, the caudate is the most involved with cognitive functions.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which basal ganglia structure travels just lateral to the lateral ventricle?

A

Caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In a coronal section, put these in order from lateral to medial: putamen, globus pallidus, insula, thalamus.

A
  1. Insula
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus
  4. Thalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two parts of the substantia nigra?

A
  1. Compact

2. Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ______ part of the substantia nigra is a basal ganglia output nucleus.

A

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The _______ part of the SN contains densely packed, pigmented neurons.

A

Compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A 50 year old man presents with chorea, muscle rigidity, and cognitive disturbances. A brain scan shows degeneration of the striatum. What is the disease?

A

Huntington’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four basic loops of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Motor loop: learned movements
  2. Cognitive loop: motor intentions
  3. Limbic loop: emotional aspects of movement
  4. Oculomoter loop: voluntary saccades
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nucleus of the BG does the motor loop utilize?

A

Putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which nucleus of the BG does the cognitive loop use?

A

Caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

While learning a movement the _______ loop is used, once it is learned the _____ loop is used.

A

Cognitive; motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What parts of the BG are important in the oculomotor loop?

A

Caudate and Substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the major excitatory neuron in the direct pathway?

A

Glutamate (cerebral cortex and thalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the major inhibitory neuron in the direct pathway?

A

GABA (striatum and GPi)

17
Q

Describe the direct pathway of the motor loop in the BG.

A

Cerebral cortex excites striatum -> striatum inhibits GPi -> inhibited GPi now sends less inhibition to thalamus -> thalamus is more active in exciting cerebral cortex -> more movement

18
Q

What two pathways come together to form the thalamic fasciculus on the way to the thalamus?

A

Lenticular fasciculus and ansa lenticularis

19
Q

T/F: The direct pathway is used to move.

A

TRUE

20
Q

What are the added steps in the indirect pathway?

A

Striatum inhibits GPe -> inhibited GPe sends less inhibition to subthalamus -> subthalamus excites GPi -> GPi inhibits thalamus -> thalamus sends less excitation to cerebral cortex -> suppressed movement

21
Q

In the direct and indirect pathways, which structures are excitatory?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex

2. Subthalamus 3. Thalamus

22
Q

In the direct and indirect pathways, which structures are inhibitory?

A
  1. Striatum

2. GPi and GPe

23
Q

In the indirect pathway the ___ is inhibited, causing the ______ to excite the ___.

A

GPe; subthalamus; GPi

Results in more inhibition of thalamus and less movement

24
Q

What would damage to the subthalamus result in?

A

More unsuppressed cortical output

25
Q

What is the role of the subthalamus?

A

Uses disinhibition to suppress unwanted movement

26
Q

T/F: The direct and indirect pathways work simultaneously.

A

TRUE

27
Q

What causes parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneration of nigrostriatal fibers

28
Q

In a patient with parkinson’s disease, _________ will be seen in the compact part of the substantia nigra.

A

Lewy bodies

29
Q

What are the three cardinal features of Parkinson’s?

A
  1. Bradykinesia (slow movement)
  2. Resting tremor
  3. Rigidity
30
Q

Which pathway is favored in a Parkinson’s disease patient?

A

Indirect

31
Q

How does levadopa treat Parkinson’s?

A

Replaces dopamine

32
Q

What is a pallidotomy?

A

Selectively damage the GPi so there is less inhibition on the thalamus

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions