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SP17: Anatomy Test 3 > N: Auditory and Vestiubular > Flashcards

N: Auditory and Vestiubular Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ division of CN VIII is responsible for hearing and the _______ division is responsible for head position and movement.

A

cochlear; vestibular

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2
Q

The vestibulocochlear structures are found in the ________ part of the temporal bone.

A

petrous

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3
Q

Within the bony labyrinth there is a _______ tube suspended in a _____ tube.

A

Membranous; bony

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4
Q

The perilymphatic space is filled with ________ and is continuous with the _________ space.

A

perilymph; subarachnoid

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5
Q

T/F: Perilymph fills the membranous labyrinth.

A

FALSE

Endolymph

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6
Q

What cells secrete endolymph?

A

Stria vascularis

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7
Q

Where are hair cells found?

A

Within membranous labyrinth

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8
Q

_______ project out of hair cells and into the endolymph.

A

Stereocilia

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9
Q

The tallest stereocilia is called the _______.

A

kinocilium

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10
Q

T/F: The kinocilium are only found in the vestibular portions.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Where do the tallest stereocilia project?

A

Gelatinous mass

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12
Q

What starts a signal in the hair cells?

A

Stereocilia deflect toward tallest -> stretches tip links -> depolarizes hair cell

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13
Q

What determines the type of signal that is sent from the hair cell.

A

The arrangement of stereocilia

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14
Q

What is the auditory receptor organ?

A

Organ of corti

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15
Q

T/F: The inner ear is fluid filled.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

T/F: The membrane is suspended in perilymph and filled with endolymph.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Which part of the inner ear is shaped like a snail shell?

A

Cochlea

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18
Q

What determines sound intensity?

A

Rate and number of fired nerves

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19
Q

What determines sound frequency?

A

Location of cells stimulated in organ of corti

20
Q

T/F: The location of sound is determined in the CNS using stimuli from both ears.

A

TRUE

21
Q

T/F: The apex of the basilar membrane responds to high frequencies.

A

FALSE

Floppy Apex =Low
Stiff Base = high

22
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the nerves stimulated by hair cells?

A

Spiral ganglion

23
Q

The nerves stimulated by hair cells synapse at the ______ and ______ cochlear nuclei?

A

Dorsal and ventral

24
Q

Where do second order fibers from the dorsal cochlear nucleus go?

A

Lateral lemniscus

25
Q

T/F: Fibers from the ventral cochlear nucleus are involved with sound localization.

A

TRUE

26
Q

What is the path of a signal from hair cells after entering the lateral lemniscus?

A

Lateral lemniscus -> inferior colliculus -> MGN (thalamus) -> transverse temporal gyri

27
Q

What are the three main functions of the vestibular system?

A
  1. Regulate posture
  2. Coordinate eye movement
  3. Coordinate head movement
28
Q

What makes up the bony parts of the vestibular division?

A

Vestibule and three semicircular canals

29
Q

What makes up the membranous portion of the vestibular division?

A
  1. Saccule
  2. Utricle
  3. three semicircular ducts
30
Q

What structures are found in the ampula of each semicircular duct?

A
  1. Crista: supporting and hair cells

2. Capula: angular acceleration

31
Q

What type of rotation is not able to be felt by the semicircular ducts?

A

Continuous rotation

32
Q

The utricle and saccule each have a tuft of hair cells called the _____.

A

Macula

33
Q

What is the name of the gelatinous mass in the vestibular system?

A

Otolithic membrane

34
Q

The _____ responds to side/side motion. The _____ responds to up/down motion.

A

Utricle; Saccule

35
Q

Describe the path of a signal in the vestibular system.

A

Hair cells -> CN VIII processes -> vestibular ganglion -> jextarestiform body -> cerebellum

36
Q

What are the four vestibular nuclei in the vestibular nuclear complex?

A
  1. Inferior
  2. Medial
  3. Lateral
  4. Superior
37
Q

Where do efferents from the vestibular nuclei go and what is their functions?

A
  1. Spinal cord: posture
  2. Cerebellum: head movement
  3. CN III, IV, VI: eye movement
  4. Visceral nuclei: autonomic effects
  5. Thalamus -> cerebrum: conscious awareness
38
Q

T/F: The lateral vestibulospinal tract is for posture and the medial tract is for head stabilization.

A

TRUE

39
Q

Which efferent fibers generate eye movements to compensate for head movements?

A

Projections to CN III, IV, and VI

40
Q

What part of the ear does alcohol affect?

A

Cupula in the inner ear

41
Q

What are the three systems that work so you know your position?

A
  1. Vestibular
  2. Proprioception
  3. Visual
42
Q

T/F: You only need one of the three position sense systems to function normally.

A

FALSE

Need two!

43
Q

What are the three possible hair cell locations in the ear?

A
  1. Organ of corti (cochlea)
  2. Cristae (semicircular duct)
  3. Maculae (utricle, saccule)
44
Q

What are the three gelatinous materials and where are they?

A
  1. Tectorial membrane (organ of corti)
  2. Cupula (cristae)
  3. Otolithic membrane (maculae)
45
Q

T/F: The cupula transmits stimulus for sound.

A

FALSE

Tectorial membrane = sound

Cupula = angular acceleration

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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