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SP17: Anatomy Test 3 > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

The ________ makes up 95% of the cortex in humans.

A

Neocortex

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2
Q

The _______ contains the uncus and olfaction.

A

Paleocortex

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3
Q

The ______ contains most of the hippocampus.

A

Archicortex

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4
Q

What neurons are found in the neocortex?

A
  1. Pyramidal cells

2. Nonpyramidal cells: Basket, Candle, and Bipolar

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5
Q

T/F: Apical dendrites go to the cortical surface and basal dendrites go horizontally.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Where on the neurons are the sites of synapses that are selectively modified for learning?

A

Dendritic spines

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7
Q

Most nonpyramidal cells make ________ synapses.

A

Inhibitory

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8
Q

_____ stellate cells are excitatory, and _____ stellate cells are inhibitory.

A

Spiny; smooth

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9
Q

What is the laminar organization of the cortex?

A
  1. Molecular
  2. Outer granular
  3. Outer pyramidal
  4. Inner granular
  5. Inner pyramidal
  6. Fusiform
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10
Q

T/F: As you move from the outer layers of the cortex to the inner layers the cells get bigger?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What are the five sources of afferents to the cortex?

A
  1. Association fibers: ipsilateral pyramidal cells
  2. Commissural fibers: corpus callosum or anterior commisure
  3. Thalamocortical
  4. Non-specific thalamocortical
  5. Cholinergic and aminergic
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12
Q

Where are cholinergic and aminergic fibers from?

A

Basal forebrain, hypothalamus, braistem

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13
Q

What is the difference between thalamocortical fibers and non-specific thalamocortical fibers?

A

Thalamocortical: relay or association nuclei

NS Thalamocortical: Intralaminar nuclei

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14
Q

What are the various efferent fibers from the cortex?

A
  1. Short association
  2. Long association
  3. Commissural fibers
  4. Fibers to basal ganglia
  5. Fibers to thalamus
  6. Corticopontine, corticospinal, and corticobulbar
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15
Q

All efferents from the cerebrum are _______ cell axons and are _______ (excitory/inhibitory).

A

pyramidal; excitory

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16
Q

What are the two major commissures in the cerebrum?

A
  1. Corpus callosum

2. Anterior commissure: temporal lobes and olfactory nuclei

17
Q

Which parts of the brain do not recieve commissural fibers?

A
  1. Hand areas

2. Primary visual cortex

18
Q

What is Alexia without agraphia?

A

A disease where one can write but not read

19
Q

T/F: The somatosensory cortex is agranular.

A

FALSE

Primary motor = agranular

Somatosensory = granular

20
Q

T/F: Areas that send off long axons have more pyramidal cells.

A

TRUE

21
Q

As you move laterally on the sensory area of the cerebrum which way do you move in the body?

A

From legs to face and mouth

22
Q

What is the major function of the parietal lobe?

A
  1. Processing of tactile and proprioception
  2. Language (just left)
  3. Spatial orientation and directing attention
23
Q

Which occipital lobe layers are for the contralateral eye?

A

1, 4, and 6

24
Q

Where is the macula represented in the occipital lobe?

A

Most posteriorly

25
Q

T/F: Parvocellular = ventral stream. Magnocellular = dorsal stream

A

TRUE

26
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  1. Auditory complex
  2. Language comprehension (Wernike’s area)
  3. Higher order visual processing
27
Q

What and where is Broca’s area?

A

Frontal lobe; Production of spoken and written language

28
Q

What areas of the brain are associated with higher mental functions?

A

Association areas

29
Q

What are the two types of association areas?

A
  1. Unimodal: elaborates primary area

2. Multimodal: high level intellectual functions

30
Q

What denotes dominant hemisphere?

A

Produces and comprehends language (Wernike’s and Broca’s areas)

31
Q

Which hemisphere is often dominant?

A

LEFT

32
Q

Anatomically how is the dominant hemisphere seen?

A

Left lateral sulcus extends farther posteriorly

33
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Inability to use language

34
Q

What area is often injured in nonfluent aphasia?

A

Broca’s: can comprehend but not speak well

35
Q

What area is often injured in fluent aphasia?

A

Wernike’s: can speak more but unable to comprehend language

36
Q

What part of language comes from the right hemisphere?

A

Emotion in language; musical aspects of speech

37
Q

If a patient injures the right parietal lobe how might this show?

A

Patient has trouble with the left side of his body

38
Q

If a patient injures the left parietal lobe how might this show?

A

Patient struggles with planned movements

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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