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SP17: Anatomy Test 3 > Forebrain and Limbic System > Flashcards

Forebrain and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major function of the thalamus?

A

Major relay station for sensory pathways

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2
Q

What thalamic structure defines the subdivisions of the nuclei? (splits medial and lateral subdivisions)

A

IML (internal medullary lamina)

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3
Q

Which nucleus is even more lateral to the lateral subdivision?

A

Reticular nucleus

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4
Q

What is the general theme of most thalamic nuclei?

A

Sensory input and regulatory input -> interneurons inhibit signal if needed -> projection neurons provide output

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5
Q

Which thalamic nuclei does not follow the typical pattern?

A

Reticular nucleus

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6
Q

What are the three patterns of thalamic nuclei?

A
  1. Relay nuclei
  2. Association nuclei
  3. Intralaminar & midline nuclei
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7
Q

Describe the function of a relay nucleus.

A

Receives specific input from subcortical structure (e.g. medial lemniscus) -> projects to cortex

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8
Q

Describe the function of an association nucleus.

A

Receives specific input from association cortex (e,g, prefrontal) -> projects back to cortex

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9
Q

Describe the function of an intralaminar or midline nucleus.

A

Receive specific inputs (basal ganglia, limbic) -> projects to cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic structures

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10
Q

Which thalamic nuclei has no projections to the cortex?

A

Reticular nucleus

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11
Q

Where does the reticular nucleus receive its input? Output?

A

In: cortex and thalamus
Out: inhibitory axons to thalamus

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12
Q

What are the relay nuclei for the sensory system?

A

VPL and VPM (ventral posterolateral and posteromedial nuclei)

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13
Q

What are the relay nuclei for the motor system?

A

VA and VL (ventral anterior and lateral nuclei)

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14
Q

What are the relay nuclei for the limbic system?

A

Anterior and lateral dorsal nuclei

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15
Q

What are the two major association nuclei?

A

DM (dorsomedial nucleus) and Pulvinar nucleus

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16
Q

What is the major function of the DM?

A

Association for prefrontal: foresight

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17
Q

What structure does nearly all fibers traveling from the thalamus to the cortex and vice versa go through?

A

Internal Capsule

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18
Q

What are the five parts of the internal capsule?

A
  1. Anterior limb
  2. Genu
  3. Posterior limb
  4. Retrolenticular
  5. Sublenticular
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19
Q

What fibers go through the anterior limb?

A

Anterior nucleus and DM -> frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex

20
Q

What fibers go through posterior limb?

A
  1. VA/VL -> motor areas
  2. Motor areas -> brainstem/spinal cord
  3. VPL/VPN -> somatosensory cortex
21
Q

The sublenticular part of the internal capsule handles the _______ visual field and the retrolenticular part handles the ______ visual field.

A

Superior; Inferior

22
Q

What part of the brain is critical in maintaining physiological homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

23
Q

What are the three main types of hypothalamic connections?

A
  1. Limbic system
  2. Output to pituitary
  3. Interconnects visceral and somatic nuclei
24
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus is a continuation of the reticular formation?

A

Lateral

25
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus is a continuation of the periaquaductal gray?

A

Periventricular

26
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus contains only nuclei?

A

Medial

27
Q

Which neuroendocrine cells end in the posterior lobe?

A

Magnocellular

28
Q

Which neuroendocrine cells end in the median eminence?

A

Parvocellular

29
Q

Which two nuclei control the posterior pituitary and what do they release?

A

Paraventricular and Supraoptic; Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

30
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus stimulates parasympathetics? (slow HR, constrict pupils, etc.)

A

Anterior hypothalamus

31
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus stimulates feeding?

A

Lateral nucleus

32
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus stimulates the refusal of food?

A

Ventromedial nucleus

33
Q

What is a major difference between males and females “fight or flight” response?

A

Males: more aggresive (lateral prefrontal cortex)

Females: more social (cingulate gyrus)

34
Q

Where do input fibers to the hypothalamus conveying visceral and sensory info come from?

A

Brainstem and spinal cord

35
Q

Where do input fibers conveying info about emotions come from?

A

Limbic system

36
Q

What are the major structures of the limbic system?

A
  1. Cingulate gyrus
  2. Parahippocampal gyrus
  3. Amygdala
  4. Hippocampus
37
Q

The ______ deals with emotional responses, while the ______ deals with learning and memory.

A

Amygdala; Hippocampus

38
Q

What is the major afferent pathway into the hippocampus?

A

Cortex -> Entorhinal cortex -> dentate gyrus -> CA3 -> fimbria and CA1 -> subiculum -> entorhinal cortex -> sensory cortex

39
Q

Describe the Papez circuit.

A

Cingulate gyrus -> Entrohinal cortex -> hippocampus -> fornix -> mammilothalamic tract -> anterior nucleus of thalamus -> cingulate cortex

40
Q

Which part of the hippocampus deals with memory of novel material such as language?

A

Left anterior

41
Q

Which part of the hippocampus deals with spatial tasks like driving a car?

A

Right hippocampus

42
Q

What is the primary function of the amygdala?

A

FEAR

43
Q

Where do afferents into the amygdala come from?

A
  1. Sensory association

2. Visual areas

44
Q

Where do efferents from the amygdala go?

A

Septal area and hypothalamus -> medial forebrain and central tegmental tract

45
Q

Which part of the brain may be more active than amygdala with anxiety?

A

Red nucleus

46
Q

T/F: Kluver-Bucy syndrome is associated with amygdala damage.

A

TRUE

47
Q

Release of dopamine in what area provides a “high” feeling of well being?

A

Nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum)

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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