Cerebellum

Question 1

What are the major functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

1. Regulates equilibrium
2. Controls muscle tone/posture
3. Motor adaptation

Question 2

What structure of the brain holds motor patters (ex. the pattern of walking)?

Answer 2

Basal ganglia

Question 3

T/F: White matter is found on the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 3

FALSE.

Gray matter

Question 4

What parts of the cerebellum correspond to gyri of the cerebrum?

Answer 4

Folia

Question 5

What parts of the cerebellum correspond to sucli of the cerebrum?

Answer 5

Fissures

Question 6

What separates the nodulus with the rest of the vermis?

Answer 6

Posterolateral fissure

Question 7

What separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

Primary fissure

Question 8

What are the four nuclei found in the cerebellum?

Answer 8

1. Fastigal
2. Globose
3. Emboliform
4. Dentate (biggest)
   Frosch Gives Everybody Ds

Question 9

Why are most axons in the cerebellum very short?

Answer 9

They all synapse in the cerebellar deep nuclei within the cerebellum

Question 10

What connects the cerebellum with the brainstem?

Answer 10

Cerebellar peduncles

Question 11

What fibers come through the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)?

Answer 11

Inputs from spinal cord and brainstem

Question 12

What fibers run through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 12

Afferents coming to cerebllum from the basis pontis

Question 13

What fibers run through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 13

Fibers exiting the cerebellum (most from dentate nucleus)

Question 14

What are the two types of fibers that come into the cerebellum?

Answer 14

1. Climbing fibers: come from olive via inferior cerebellar peduncle
2. Mossy fibers: from spinal cord and brainstem via inferior and middle peduncles

Question 15

Which fibers synapse in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 15

Mossy fibers

Question 16

Inflow fibers to the cerebellar cortex all eventually synapse in the __________ before getting information to the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 16

Purkinje cell layer

Question 17

What is the only source of climbing fibers entering into the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Olivary nucleus

Question 18

What fibers synapse on the inferior olive as input fibers?

Answer 18

Descending from corticospinal tract

Question 19

How do the olivocerebellar fibers get to the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 19

Exit olive -> cross midline -> inferior CP -> climb to cerebellar cortex

Question 20

T/F: When performing a trained motor task, Purkinje cells discharge as simple spikes.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What is the function of the inferior olivary nuclei and the olivocerebellar tract?

Answer 21

Modulate simple and complex purkinje spikes to promote learning new motor skills

Question 22

What fibers come into the red nucleus?

Answer 22

Collaterals from:

1. Cerebral fibers descending to olive
2. Cerebellar output ascending to thalamus

Question 23

Where do the output fibers from the red nucleus go?

Answer 23

Inhibitory fibers to ipsilateral olivary nucleus

Question 24

What is the function of the red nucleus?

Answer 24

Modulates intended movement with actual movement and adjusts accordingly

Question 25

Which deep cerebellar nucleus is responsible for most of the output fibers?

Answer 25

Dentate nucleus

Question 26

Which cerebellar nucleus sends fibers bilaterally?

Answer 26

Fastigal nuclei

Question 27

Where do the fibers from the fastigal nuclei go?

Answer 27

Vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Question 28

What are the four layers of the cerebellar cortex from superficial to deep

Answer 28

1. Molecular layer 2. Purkinje cell layer 3. Granule Layer 4. White matter

Question 29

Which cerebellar cortex layer contains the majority of the synapses in the cortex?

Answer 29

Molecular layer

Question 30

T/F: The cerebellum consists of mostly excitatory impulses.

Answer 30

FALSE Inhibitory

Question 31

What are the three sources of input fibers to the deep nuclei?

Answer 31

1. Mossy fibers (collaterals) 2. Climbing fibers (collaterals) 3. Purkinje cells

Question 32

Which two sources of fibers go to granule cells?

Answer 32

Mossy fibers and mossy projections from deep nuclei

Question 33

What types of fibers excite groups of granule cells?

Answer 33

Mossy fibers

Question 34

Parallel fibers originate as ________ cells and synapse with _________ cells?

Answer 34

Granule; Purkinje

Question 35

Describe the transduction of a signal through the cerebellar cortex.

Answer 35

Mossy fibers -> granule cell -> parallel fibers -> multiple purkinje cells -> stellate and basket cells focus signal to "microzone" -> deep cerebellar nucleus

Question 36

What are the three functional zones of the cerebellum?

Answer 36

1. Lateral hemisphere (pontocerebellum) 2. Medial hemisphere (spinocerebellum) 3. Vestibulucerebellum

Question 37

Match the functional zones with their nuclei.

Answer 37

1. Lateral: dentate 2. Medial: Interposed 3. Vestibulocerebellum: Fastigial

Question 38

What are the input fibers to the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 38

Vestibular labyrinth and nuclei

Question 39

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 39

1. Control eye movement in response to head movement | 2. Balance

Question 40

What are the input fibers to the spinocerebellum?

Answer 40

1. Spinal cord (spinocerebellar tract) | 2. Brainstem (trigeminal)

Question 41

Where do the output fibers from the spinocerebellum go?

Answer 41

1. Red nucleus | 2. VA/VL of thalamus

Question 42

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 42

1. Posture and gait | 2. Coordination of trunk and limb movements

Question 43

Describe the spinocerebellum loop of axons.

Answer 43

Spinal cord or brainstem -> cerebellar cortex -> interposed nucleus -> thalamus (VA/VL) -> corticospinal tract -> spinal cord

Question 44

Where do the input fibers to the pontocerebellum originate?

Answer 44

Motor cortex -> basilar pons -> middle cp

Question 45

Where do the output fibers from the pontocerebellum go?

Answer 45

1. Red nucleus (pavocellular) | 2. VA/VL thalamus

Question 46

What is the function of the pontocerebellum?

Answer 46

1. Planning timing of arm movements | 2. Coordination of speech

Question 47

Describe the loop involved in the pontocerebellum.

Answer 47

Dentate nucleus -> thalamus -> cerebral cortex -> basilar pons -> cerebellar cortex -> dentate nucleus

Question 48

What is the major overall function of the lateral hemispheres?

Answer 48

Planning learned, skillful movements

Question 49

What is the major overall function of the medial hemispheres?

Answer 49

Adjust limb movements

Question 50

What is the major overall function of the vermis?

Answer 50

Postural adjustments

Question 51

What is the major overall function of the vestbulocerebellum?

Answer 51

Eye movements