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SP17: Anatomy Test 3 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Regulates equilibrium
  2. Controls muscle tone/posture
  3. Motor adaptation
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2
Q

What structure of the brain holds motor patters (ex. the pattern of walking)?

A

Basal ganglia

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3
Q

T/F: White matter is found on the cerebellar cortex?

A

FALSE.

Gray matter

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4
Q

What parts of the cerebellum correspond to gyri of the cerebrum?

A

Folia

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5
Q

What parts of the cerebellum correspond to sucli of the cerebrum?

A

Fissures

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6
Q

What separates the nodulus with the rest of the vermis?

A

Posterolateral fissure

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7
Q

What separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

Primary fissure

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8
Q

What are the four nuclei found in the cerebellum?

A
  1. Fastigal
  2. Globose
  3. Emboliform
  4. Dentate (biggest)
    Frosch Gives Everybody Ds
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9
Q

Why are most axons in the cerebellum very short?

A

They all synapse in the cerebellar deep nuclei within the cerebellum

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10
Q

What connects the cerebellum with the brainstem?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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11
Q

What fibers come through the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)?

A

Inputs from spinal cord and brainstem

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12
Q

What fibers run through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferents coming to cerebllum from the basis pontis

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13
Q

What fibers run through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Fibers exiting the cerebellum (most from dentate nucleus)

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14
Q

What are the two types of fibers that come into the cerebellum?

A
  1. Climbing fibers: come from olive via inferior cerebellar peduncle
  2. Mossy fibers: from spinal cord and brainstem via inferior and middle peduncles
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15
Q

Which fibers synapse in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Mossy fibers

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16
Q

Inflow fibers to the cerebellar cortex all eventually synapse in the __________ before getting information to the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Purkinje cell layer

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17
Q

What is the only source of climbing fibers entering into the cerebellum?

A

Olivary nucleus

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18
Q

What fibers synapse on the inferior olive as input fibers?

A

Descending from corticospinal tract

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19
Q

How do the olivocerebellar fibers get to the cerebellar cortex?

A

Exit olive -> cross midline -> inferior CP -> climb to cerebellar cortex

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20
Q

T/F: When performing a trained motor task, Purkinje cells discharge as simple spikes.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

What is the function of the inferior olivary nuclei and the olivocerebellar tract?

A

Modulate simple and complex purkinje spikes to promote learning new motor skills

22
Q

What fibers come into the red nucleus?

A

Collaterals from:

  1. Cerebral fibers descending to olive
  2. Cerebellar output ascending to thalamus
23
Q

Where do the output fibers from the red nucleus go?

A

Inhibitory fibers to ipsilateral olivary nucleus

24
Q

What is the function of the red nucleus?

A

Modulates intended movement with actual movement and adjusts accordingly

25
Q

Which deep cerebellar nucleus is responsible for most of the output fibers?

A

Dentate nucleus

26
Q

Which cerebellar nucleus sends fibers bilaterally?

A

Fastigal nuclei

27
Q

Where do the fibers from the fastigal nuclei go?

A

Vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

28
Q

What are the four layers of the cerebellar cortex from superficial to deep

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. Purkinje cell layer
  3. Granule Layer
  4. White matter
29
Q

Which cerebellar cortex layer contains the majority of the synapses in the cortex?

A

Molecular layer

30
Q

T/F: The cerebellum consists of mostly excitatory impulses.

A

FALSE

Inhibitory

31
Q

What are the three sources of input fibers to the deep nuclei?

A
  1. Mossy fibers (collaterals)
  2. Climbing fibers (collaterals)
  3. Purkinje cells
32
Q

Which two sources of fibers go to granule cells?

A

Mossy fibers and mossy projections from deep nuclei

33
Q

What types of fibers excite groups of granule cells?

A

Mossy fibers

34
Q

Parallel fibers originate as ________ cells and synapse with _________ cells?

A

Granule; Purkinje

35
Q

Describe the transduction of a signal through the cerebellar cortex.

A

Mossy fibers -> granule cell -> parallel fibers -> multiple purkinje cells -> stellate and basket cells focus signal to “microzone” -> deep cerebellar nucleus

36
Q

What are the three functional zones of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Lateral hemisphere (pontocerebellum)
  2. Medial hemisphere (spinocerebellum)
  3. Vestibulucerebellum
37
Q

Match the functional zones with their nuclei.

A
  1. Lateral: dentate
  2. Medial: Interposed
  3. Vestibulocerebellum: Fastigial
38
Q

What are the input fibers to the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Vestibular labyrinth and nuclei

39
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A
  1. Control eye movement in response to head movement

2. Balance

40
Q

What are the input fibers to the spinocerebellum?

A
  1. Spinal cord (spinocerebellar tract)

2. Brainstem (trigeminal)

41
Q

Where do the output fibers from the spinocerebellum go?

A
  1. Red nucleus

2. VA/VL of thalamus

42
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A
  1. Posture and gait

2. Coordination of trunk and limb movements

43
Q

Describe the spinocerebellum loop of axons.

A

Spinal cord or brainstem -> cerebellar cortex -> interposed nucleus -> thalamus (VA/VL) -> corticospinal tract -> spinal cord

44
Q

Where do the input fibers to the pontocerebellum originate?

A

Motor cortex -> basilar pons -> middle cp

45
Q

Where do the output fibers from the pontocerebellum go?

A
  1. Red nucleus (pavocellular)

2. VA/VL thalamus

46
Q

What is the function of the pontocerebellum?

A
  1. Planning timing of arm movements

2. Coordination of speech

47
Q

Describe the loop involved in the pontocerebellum.

A

Dentate nucleus -> thalamus -> cerebral cortex -> basilar pons -> cerebellar cortex -> dentate nucleus

48
Q

What is the major overall function of the lateral hemispheres?

A

Planning learned, skillful movements

49
Q

What is the major overall function of the medial hemispheres?

A

Adjust limb movements

50
Q

What is the major overall function of the vermis?

A

Postural adjustments

51
Q

What is the major overall function of the vestbulocerebellum?

A

Eye movements

SP17: Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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