Heart Flashcards
What are the three circuits being pumped from the heart?
- Pulmonary
- Systemic
- Coronary
T/F: The pericardium expands as the heart pumps blood.
FALSE
What are the three layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep?
- Epicardium: visceral pericardium
- Myocardium: cardiac muscle
- Endocardium: lines chambers
The apex of the heart is found where in the body?
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular
The ____ are the receiving chambers and the ______ are the ejecting chambers.
Atria; ventricles
What types of valves separate atria and ventricles?
AV valves
What types of valves separate ventricles and ejecting vessels?
Semilunar valves
What separates the right and left atria?
IA septum
What separates the right and left ventricles?
IV septum
The smooth wall portion of the right atrium is derived from _______.
Sinus venosus
What ridge separates the smooth and rough walls of the right atrium?
Crista terminalis
The muscle that lines the rough wall and auricle of the right atrium is called _______ muscle.
Pectinate
The ____ _____ is a remnant of the foramen ovale in the IA wall.
Fossa ovalis
T/F: The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and ventricle.
TRUE
What are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve?
- Anterior
- Septal
- Posterior
The tricuspid valve is anchored to the _____ muscles via the _____ ______.
papillary; chordae tendineae
What gives the interior wall of the right ventricle its rough texture?
Trabeculae carneae
What structure funnels blood into the pulmonary trunk?
Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
T/F: The pulmonary valve is a semilunar valve that has three cusps.
TRUE
Left, right, anterior
T/F: The left atrial wall has smooth muscular surface.
TRUE
Which part of left atrium is rough with pectinate muscle?
Auricle
In the left atrium, the _________ opposes the fossa ovalis from the right atrium.
valve of foramen ovale
T/F: The tricuspid valve connects the left atrium to left ventricle.
FALSE
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
How is the bicuspid valve anchored to papillary muscles?
Chordae tendineae
T/F: The interior wall of the left ventricle is smooth with trabeculae carneae.
FALSE
ROUGH
The muscle wall in the left ventricle is often much ______ than in the right ventricle.
thicker
What structure is found in the right ventricle but not the left?
Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
T/F: The aortic valve has three cusps.
TRUE
Left, right, posterior
What are the four auscultation points?
- Tricuspid: left sternum/5th space
- Mitral: midclavicular/5th space
- Pulmonary: left 2nd space
- Aortic: right 2nd space
The right/left coronary arteries come from the ______.
Aorta
The cardiac veins mostly drain into the coronary _____.
sinus
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
- SA nodal a.
- Right marginal a.
- Posterior interventricular a.
What structures are supplied by the right coronary a.?
- Right atrium and ventricle
- SA node
- AV nodes
- Interatrial septum
- Part of left atrium
- Posteroinferior 1/3 IV septum
- Bit of posterior left ventricle
What structures are supplied by the left coronary a.?
- Left atrium and ventricle
2. IV septum
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
- Ant. interventricular a. (aka LAD)
2. Circumflex a. -> left marginal a.
How do you determine arterial dominance?
Whichever has a posterior interventricular branch. Will cross midline to reach opposite ventricle.
65% R dominant
Which vein travels with the anterior interventricular artery?
Great cardiac vein
Which vein would drain area of left atrium?
Great cardiac vein
Which vein would drain area of left ventricle?
Middle cardiac vein
Which vein would drain area of right ventricle?
Small cardiac vein
Which cardiac veins do not enter into the coronary sinus?
Anterior cardiac veins
What are the four sources of blood coming into the right atrium?
- SVC
- IVC
- Coronary sinus
- Anterior cardiac veins
What vessels can be used for coronary artery bypass grafts?
- Great saphenous v.
- Int. Thoracic a.
- Radial a.
The heart receives sympathetic innervation from levels ______.
T1-T5
The heart receives parasympathetic innervation from ___.
CN X
T/F: The heart will beat without the CNS.
TRUE
Describe the conduction system of the heart.
SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> R and L bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
The _______ allow for contraction of the ventricles.
Purkinje fibers