Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functions of the ear?

A
  1. Maintain balance

2. Perceive sound

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2
Q

The auricle, external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane are all part of the _________ ear.

A

External

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3
Q

The ear ossicles, malleus, incus, and stapes are all part of the _______ ear.

A

Middle

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4
Q

The epitympanic recess is _______ to the tympanic membrane.

A

Superior

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5
Q

What structure exits the middle ear cavity anteriorly?

A

Auditory (Eustachian) tube

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6
Q

What is found at the posterior of the middle ear cavity?

A

Aditus ad antrum

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7
Q

What types of tissue make up which parts of the auditory tube?

A

Posterior 1/3 = bony

Anterior 2/3 = cartilage

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8
Q

The _______ _______ makes up the superior wall of the middle ear.

A

Tegmen Tympani

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9
Q

The _______ _____ makes up the inferior floor of the middle ear.

A

Jugular wall

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10
Q

Lateral wall of middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

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11
Q

The ______ is a protuberance on the medial wall of the middle ear.

A

Promontory

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12
Q

What is the fenestra vestibuli also called?

A

Oval Window

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13
Q

What is the other name for the fenestra cochlea?

A

Round window

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14
Q

The ________ ________ is a hollow projection of bone on the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity.

A

Pyramidal eminence

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15
Q

What opening in the posterior wall of the middle ear leads to the mastoid air cells?

A

Aditus ad antrum

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16
Q

What are the two muscles found in the middle ear?

A
  1. Tensor tympani

2. Stapedius

17
Q

What is the function of the middle ear muscles?

A
  1. Reduce oscillations

2. Protects inner ear from loud noise

18
Q

T/F: The tensor tympani is found in the bony semicanal located superior to the auditory tube.

19
Q

Where does the tensor tymani insert?

A

Handle of malleus

20
Q

What nerve innervates tensor tympani?

21
Q

What is the smallest striated muscle in the body?

22
Q

Where does the stapedius arise and insert?

A

Pyramidal eminence -> neck of stapes

23
Q

What nerve innervates the stapedius?

24
Q

The ______ branches supply blood to the middle ear via the _______ branches.

A

Tympanic; carotid

25
Where does the veinous drainage of the middle ear go?
1. Superior petrosal sinus | 2. Pterygoid plexus
26
Which cranial nerve goes through the middle ear cavity?
CN VII & chorda tympani
27
The _______ plexus covers the promontory in the middle ear.
tympanic
28
What cranial nerve forms the tympanic plexus?
CN IX
29
What p-symp. nerve comes off of the tympanic plexus to supply the parotid gland?
Lesser petrosal nerve
30
What is the function of the semicircular canals?
Control balance and position
31
What is the function of the cochlea?
Control hearing
32
What structure begins in the oval window?
Cochlea
33
What marks the end of the cochlea?
Round window
34
Describe the order of bony connections from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Tympanic membrane -> malleus -> incus -> stapes -> oval window
35
What structures do sound waves travel through after the oval window?
Scala vestibuli -> Helicotrema -> Scala tympani -> Round window