thoracic wall, breast and diaphragm

Question 1

what is the thorax

Answer 1

upper part of the trunk which extends from the root of the neck to the abdomen

Question 2

what sections are the thoracic cavity spilt into

Answer 2

2 lateral compartments - lungs and serous membranes
central compartment - mediastinum

Question 3

what is anterior to the thoracic cage

Answer 3

sternum

Question 4

what is posterior to the thoracic cage

Answer 4

12 theoretic vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs

Question 5

what is lateral to the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

12 pairs of ribs and 12 costal cartilages

Question 6

what are the gaps between the ribs called

Answer 6

intercostal spaces

Question 7

how many pairs of ribs are normal

Answer 7

12 pairs

Question 8

what are the true ribs

Answer 8

first 7 - attached by cartilage directly to the sternum

Question 9

what are the false ribs

Answer 9

8th -10th - connected to cartilage to the ribs directly above them

Question 10

what are the floating ribs

Answer 10

sharp ventral ends that terminate freely between abdominal muscles

Question 11

what are the typical ribs

Answer 11

3rd - 9th

Question 12

what are the atypical ribs

Answer 12

1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th and 12th

Question 13

what are the 3 parts of the rib

Answer 13

• anterior end
• posterior end
• shaft

Question 14

what is the anterior end of the rib

Answer 14

bears a concave depression

Question 15

what is the posterior end of the rib

Answer 15

head, neck and tubercle

Question 16

what is the shaft of the rib

Answer 16

longest part and extends between anterior and posterior ends

Question 17

what is the head of the rib

Answer 17

• caput costae
• articulates with vertebral body

Question 18

what is the articular facet

Answer 18

articulates with costal facets on the thoracic vertebral bodes

Question 19

what is the crest

Answer 19

• crista capites costae
• divided the articular facet into an upper and lower facet

Question 20

what ribs is the crest not present on

Answer 20

1st, 10th and 12th ribs

Question 21

what is the body of the rib

Answer 21

• corpus costae
• shaft of the rib

Question 22

what is the tubercle of the rib

Answer 22

• located behind the neck and points dorsally

Question 23

what are the articular facet of tubercle

Answer 23

• articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra

Question 24

which ribs do not have articular facet of tubucle

Answer 24

11th and 12th

Question 25

what is the angle of the rib

Answer 25

curvature of the rib in the dorsal third or quarter

Question 26

what is the costal groove of the rib

Answer 26

a groove on the caudal margin of the dorsal surface of the rib transmits the intercostal vein, intercostal artery and intercostal nerve

Question 27

what is the costal cartilage

Answer 27

cartilaginous extension on the vertebral end of the ribs

Question 28

what is the costovertebral joint

Answer 28

head of the typical rib articulates with the body of corresponding vertebra and the body of next higher vertebra

Question 29

what is the costotransverse joint

Answer 29

between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse costal facet of the corresponding vertebra

Question 30

why is the first rib atypical

Answer 30

- short and flat - has scalane tubercle, groove for subclavian artery and vein

Question 31

why is the 2nd rib atypical

Answer 31

- less curved and longer than 1st rib - has tuberosity for serratus anterior

Question 32

why are the 10th-12th ribs atypical

Answer 32

- have only one facet on their heads and articulate with singe vertebra - 11th and 12th ribs are short and have no neck or tubercle

Question 33

what are the 3 parts of the sternum

Answer 33

- manubrium - body - xiploid process

Question 34

in children what is special about the sternum

Answer 34

elements are joined by cartilage but this ossified to bone during adulthood

Question 35

what is the manubrium of the sternum

Answer 35

cranial part of the sternum – the origin of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid and the sternal part of the sternocleidomastoid

Question 36

what is the jugular notch

Answer 36

forms skin depression above the sternum called jugular fossa

Question 37

what is the clavicular notch

Answer 37

articulates with the clavicle

Question 38

what is the costal notch

Answer 38

articulates with the 1st rib

Question 39

what is the sternal angle of louis

Answer 39

am obtuse angle between the manubrium and body of the sternum at the level of the 2nd rib

Question 40

what is the costal notches

Answer 40

articulates with 3rd to 7th rib

Question 41

what is the xiphoid process

Answer 41

a process of variable length and shape can be partially or fully composed of cartilage