anterior abdominal wall

Question 1

what are the subdivided parts of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

abdominal cavity proper
pelvic cavity

Question 2

what is the anterior wall of the abdomen formed from

Answer 2

muscles

Question 3

what is the posterior abdominal wall formed from

Answer 3

lumbar vertebrae and muscles

Question 4

what is the linea alba

Answer 4

shallow groove that runs vertically in the medium plane from the xiphoid process to the pubis

Question 5

what are the three vertical abdominal muscles

Answer 5

external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdomins

Question 6

what is the linea semilunaris

Answer 6

curved line defining the lateral border of the rectus abdomins

Question 7

what is herniation

Answer 7

abdominal viscera can occur in one of several weak aspects of the abdominal wall

Question 8

what is a spigelian hernias

Answer 8

develop between the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and the linea semicircularis

Question 9

what can pain around the umbilicus be

Answer 9

appendicitis as T10 spinal segment also supplies the appendix

Question 10

what is umbilicus

Answer 10

• at level of intervertebral disc between L3-L4 vertebrae
• skin around supplied by T10 spinal segment
• puckered sac in abdominal wall where there was attachment to the umbilical cord

Question 11

what arteries are remnants from umbilical arteries

Answer 11

• medial umbilical ligament
• umbilical vein - ligamentum teres

Question 12

what is a congenital umbilical hernia

Answer 12

failure of umbilical ring to close after physiologic herniation of midgut covered by skin

Question 13

what are the symptoms of congenital umbilical hernia

Answer 13

• inta abdominal pressure
• bulge of abdominal fat

Question 14

what congenital disorders are related to umbilical hernias

Answer 14

• down syndrome
• congenital hypothyroidism

Question 15

what is the xiphosternal line

Answer 15

horizontal line passing through the xiphosternal synchondrosis

Question 16

what is the subcostal line

Answer 16

horizontal line passing through lowest points of the costal arches

Question 17

what is the interspinous line

Answer 17

horizontal line passing through the anterior superior iliac spines

Question 18

what is the left midclavicular line

Answer 18

vertical line passing through middle of clavicle

Question 19

what is the right midclavicular line

Answer 19

vertical line passing through the middle of the right clavicle

Question 20

what is the transpyloric line of Addison

Answer 20

horizontal line between the sternal ends of the 9th ribs

Question 21

what is in the right hypochondrium region

Answer 21

liver
gallbladder

Question 22

what is in the epigastric region

Answer 22

stomach
pancreas
duodenum

Question 23

what is in the left hypochondrium region

Answer 23

spleen
left colic flexure

Question 24

what is in the right lumbar region

Answer 24

right kidney
right ureter
ascending colon

Question 25

what is in the umbilical region

Answer 25

loops of small intestine aorta inferior vena cava

Question 26

what is in the left lumbar region

Answer 26

left kidney left ureter descending colon

Question 27

what is in the right iliac fossa

Answer 27

caecum appendix

Question 28

what is in the hypogastric region

Answer 28

coils of small intestine urinar blader uterus

Question 29

what is in the left iliac fossa

Answer 29

sigmoid colon

Question 30

what is the horizontal place passing through the umbilicus called

Answer 30

transumbilical plane

Question 31

what is the labbe triangle

Answer 31

- projection of stomach

Question 32

what is the Desjardins point

Answer 32

- project of the major duodenal papilla

Question 33

what is Murphys point

Answer 33

- projection of the fundus of the gallbladder

Question 34

what Is mcburneys point

Answer 34

- projection of the cecal osmium of the vermiform appendix

Question 35

what is lanz point

Answer 35

projection of the tip of a vermiform appendix in the pelvic position

Question 36

what are the 8 layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 36

- skin - superficial fascia - external oblique muscle - internal oblique muscle - transverse abdominis muscle - fascia transversalis - exztraperitoneal connective tissue - parietal layer of peritoneum

Question 37

what is campers fascia

Answer 37

fatty superficial layer

Question 38

what is the scarpas fascia

Answer 38

membranous deep layer

Question 39

what does the superficial layer in woman also form

Answer 39

labia majora

Question 40

what does the superficial layer in men also form

Answer 40

continues over the penis to the scrotum

Question 41

what is intraabdominal pressure important for

Answer 41

- stabilisation of vertebral column - defecation - coughing - vomiting

Question 42

what are the 3 flat muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 42

- external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis

Question 43

what are the 2 vertical muscles in the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 43

- rectus abdominis - pyramidalis

Question 44

what is the function of rectus abdominis

Answer 44

bipedal locomotion - walking, running and jumping

Question 45

what are the nerves supplying the rectus abdominis

Answer 45

intercostal neves - 7-11

Question 46

what nerve supply the pryamidalis

Answer 46

subcostal nerve

Question 47

what is the nerve supply to the external oblique

Answer 47

intercostal nerve 5-11

Question 48

what is the function of the external oblique

Answer 48

- trunk flexion and rotation

Question 49

what is the nerve supply to the internal oblique

Answer 49

intercostal nerve 8 - 11

Question 50

what is the nerve supply to the transverse abdominal

Answer 50

intercostal nerves 7-11

Question 51

what is the inguinal ligament

Answer 51

lower free boarder of the external oblique

Question 52

what is the conjoint tendon

Answer 52

formed by the Munson of lower aponeurotic fibres of internal oblique and transverses abdominis

Question 53

what is the cremaster

Answer 53

caudal part of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis - coverts spermatic cord and scrotum

Question 54

what is the posterior muscle of the abdomen

Answer 54

quadratus lumborum - lateral and medial parts

Question 55

what is the nerve supply to the quadratus lumborum

Answer 55

subcostal nerve and anterior rami L1-L3

Question 56

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 56

- fixation of ribs during inspiration and trunk extension - lateral flexion of trunk

Question 57

what is the rectus sheath

Answer 57

fibrous structure that envelops in the rectus abdominis

Question 58

what are the contents of the rectus sheath

Answer 58

muscles - recess abdominis and pyramidalis arteries - superior epigastric and inferior epigastric nerves - lower 6 thoracic nerves, lower 5 intercostal and subcostal nerves

Question 59

why is the acute line of the rectus sheath important

Answer 59

- site of weakness in abdominal muscle - liable for hernia

Question 60

what is the arterial supply to the superior part of the abdominal wall

Answer 60

branches from the musculophrenic artery

Question 61

what is the arterial supply to the inferior part of the abdominal wall

Answer 61

- superficial epigastric artery - superficial circumflex iliac artery - both from femoral artery

Question 62

what is the arterial supply to the superior part of the abdominal wall

Answer 62

- superior epigastric artery from internal thoracic artery

Question 63

what is the arterial supply to the lateral part of the abdominal wall

Answer 63

10-11 intercostal and subcostal arteries

Question 64

what is the arterial supply to the inferior part of the abdominal wall

Answer 64

- inferior epigastric artery - deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 65

where is the cutaneous vein found

Answer 65

around the umbilicus anastomose

Question 66

where does the cutaneous vein tributary too

Answer 66

hepatic portal vein

Question 67

what is caput medusae

Answer 67

portal hypertension forming enlarged veins radiating outwards from the umbilical area and increases the pressure in the portal vein