language and body planes Flashcards
what is standard/ norm
set of characteristics which occur most often
what is variation
a small deviation from standard without any functional change
what is abnormality
a significant deviation from the standard causing functional change
what is the normal anatomical position
body upright
feet shoulder width and parallel and toes forward
palms of hands facing forward
what is the frontal/ coronal planes
vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior
what are the sagittal planes
vertically but are at a right angles to the coronal planes and divide the body by left and right
what is the transverse planes
divide the body into superior and inferior
what is anteriormedianline
runs vertically through the centre of the thorax and abdomen
what is sternalline
runs vertically along the lateral side of the sternum
what is the parasternalline
runs vertically in between the sternal and midclavicular line
what is the midclavicularline
runs vertically through the midpoint of the clavicle
what is the anterioraxillaryline
runs vertically through the anterior axillary skin fold
what is midaxillaryline
runs vertically through the apex of the axilla
what is the posterioraxillaryline
runs vertically through the posterior axillary skin fold
what is the scapularline
runs vertically through the middle of the inferior angle of the scapula
what is the paravertebralline
runs vertically along the side of the vertebral column
what is the posteriormedianline
runs vertically through the middle of the vertebral column passing through the spinous processes of the vertebrae
what is the cranial cavity
where the brain sits and is created by the cranial bones
what is the thoracic cavity
contains the lungs and heart and is enclosed by the rib cage and diaphragm
what is the abdominopelvic cavity
2 divisions - abdominal and pelvic
- houses digestive organs and reproductive organs
what is in the right hypochondriac region
liver
gallbladder
right kidney
what is in the right lumbar region
tip of liver
small intestine
ascending colon
right kidney
what is in the right iliac region
small intestines
appendix
cecum and ascending colon
what is in the epigastric region
stomach
liver
pancreas
right and left kidneys
what is in the umbilical region
stomach
pancreas
small intestines
transverse colon
what is in the hypogastric region
small intestines
sigmoid codon
bladder
what is in the left hypochondriac region
stomach
liver tip
left kidney
spleen
what is in the left lumbar region
small intestine
descending colon
left kidney
hat is in the left iliac region
small intestines
descending colon
sigmoid colon
what does anterior/ ventral mean
to the front / in front of
what does posterior / dorsal
to the back / behind
what does superior mean
above
what does cranial mean
towards the cranium
what does inferior mean
below
what does caudal mean
towards the feet
what doers lateral mean
away from the midline
what does medial mean
towards the midline
what does distal mean
further away from the trunk or origin
what does proximal mean
closer to the trunk or origin
what does superficial mean
closer to the surface of the skin
what does ascending mean
leading upwards
what does transverse mean
90 degrees to something
what does descending mean
going downwards
what does adduction mean
returning a body part to its normal resting position
what does abduction mean
moving a body part away from its resting anatomical position
what does extension mean
increasing joint angle
what does flexion mean
decreasing a joint angle
what does internal rotation mean
rotating the joint towards the midline
what does external rotation mean
rotating a joint away from the midline
what does depression mean
lowering
what is circumduction
only occurs in ball and socket joints
combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction
described as a circular motion
what is supination
rotation of the forearm and hand until the palm points vertically
what is pronation
rotation of the forearm and hand that results in the palm pointing dorsally
radius crosses the ulna
what is osteology
study of bone tissue
what are synovial joints
skeletal elements are separated by a cavity
what are solid joints
there is no cavity and the components are held by connective tissue
what is a ligament
a band of connective tissue that connects bones to each other
what is a tendon
a band of connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
what is aponeurosis
a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that anchors a muscle or connects a muscle to the part that moves
what is origin
a point of attachment of a muscle that moves the least when the muscle is contracted
what is insertion
a point of attachment of a muscle that moves the most when the muscle is contacted
what is fascia
a sheet of connective tissue that encases structures or acts as a separation between different layers of tissue
what is a crest
a prominent border or ridge
what is a epicondyle
a smaller projection situated above a condyle
what is a linea
a narrow, line like ridge
less prominent than a crest
what is a process
a prominent projection of a bone
what is a ramus/ rami
a branch like process
what is a spine
a sharp, slender ridge
what is a trochanter
a relatively large, blunt projection of bone - found only on a femur
what is a tubercle
a small, knob like process
what is a tuberosity
a large, roughened, knob like process or thickened area of a bone
what is a foramen
an opening for the passage of blood vessels or nerves
what is a fossa
a shallow depression or cavity
what is a meatus
a tube like passageway with a bone
what is a notch
a depression from one side of a bone to another
what is a sinus
a recess, cavity or hollow air filled space within a bone
what are the two parts of a long bone
diaphysis
epiphysis
what is the articular surface of the epiphysis covered with
hyaline cartilage
what lies between the epiphysis and diaphysis
metaphysics - incudes the epiphyseal plate - growing plate
where is red bone marrow found
epiphysis
what is he hollow region in the diaphysis
medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow in adults
