muscles of the back and spinal cord Flashcards
what is the origin/ origo
part of the muscle attached by a tendon to the bone which is closer to the axial skeleton rather than the insertion
what is the head/ caput
the proximal part of the muscle near the origin
what is the belly/ vector
the widest part of the muscle
what is the tail/ cauda
a narrow connection of a muscle to its insertion
what is an insertion/ attachment
part of the muscle that is attached by a tendon to a bone that is further from the axial skeleton than the origin
what is a retinaculm
a fibrous loop - wrist, ankles and knees
what is a osteofascial septum
a partition
what is agonists
acts as the executor of movement
what is synergists
cooperates with other muscles to produce the same movement
what is antagonists
provide movement in the opposite direction to the agonists
what is neutralisers
muscle that cancels unwanted movement of other muscles
what is a stabiliser
muscle that stabilises certain parts of the body
what does the superficial group comprise of
muscles related to the movement of the upper limb
what does the intermediate group comprise of
muscles attached to the ribs which may serve a respiratory function
what are the extrinsic muscles
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
levator scapulae
serrates posterior superior and inferior
what are the intrinsic muscles
Splenius muscles
Transversospinales
Interspinales
Intertransversarii
what is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles
maintain posture and aid in movement of the vertebral column
what is the primary function of extrinsic muscles
move the upper extremity by controlling the movement of the scapula and humerus
what is the shape of trapezius
flat and triangular
base of the triangle situated along the vertebral column
apex pointing towards the tip of the shoulder
where is the origin of the trapezius
medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spine of C7, and spines of all the T vertebrae
where is the insertion of the trapezius
lateral third of the clavicle, as well as the acromion and scapular spine of the scapula
what is the function of the trapezius
The uppermost fibers together with the levator scapulae elevate the shoulder. The middle and lower parts of the muscles act with the rhomboids in retracting and steadying the scapula (shoulder blade)
what is the nerve supply to the trapezius
spinal accessory nerve (motor) and ventral rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)
what is the origin of the latissimus dorsi
vertebrae T7–S5 – spinous processes and median sacral crest,
thoracolumbar fascia – posterior layer,
hip bone – posterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest (outer lip),
10th–12th rib,
inferior angle of scapula
what is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi
humerus
what is the function of the latissimus dorsi
extend the fixed arm to adduct and internally rotate the arm
what is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
where is the origin of the levator scapulae
transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4
what is the insertion of the levator scapulae
scapula – upper portion medial border of scapula
what is the function of the levator scapulae
elevate the scapula (like the name suggests
where is the innervation if the levator scapulae
spinal nerves C3–C4, dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the rhomboid major
Origin: spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5
Insertion: inferior 2/3 medial border of the scapula
Function: elevation and retraction (adduction) of the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve
what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the rhomboid minor
origin - spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
insertion - superior 1/3 medial border of the scapula
function - elevation and retraction (adduction) of the scapula
innervation - dorsal scapula nerve
what are the intermediate muscles
serrates posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the serrates posterior superior
origin - spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3
insertion - superior borders of ribs 2-5
function - assists with breathing by elevating the ribs during inspiration
innervation - intercostal nerves II - X
what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the serrates posterior inferior
origin - spinous processes of vertebrae T11-L2
insertion - inferior borders of ribs 9-12
function - assists with breathing by depressing the ribs during exhalation
innervation - intercostal nerves IX - XI, subcostal nerve
what are the superficial deep muscles
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
what are the intermediate deep muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
what are the deep deep muscles
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
what is the origin of splenius capitis
spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae and the nuchal ligament
what is the insertion of spleninus capitis
attaches to the mastoid process and the occipital bone of the skull
what is the function of the splenius capitis
acting unilaterally causes ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of the head. Acting bilaterally causes extension of the head/neck
