liver, spleen and pancreas Flashcards
what are the functions of the liver
- carbohydrate and protein metabolism
- processing drugs and hormones
- bilirubin excretion
- bile salt secretion
- storage of glycogen, vitamins A, B12, D,E,K and minerals iron and copper
- phagocytosis
- vitamin D activation
what are the 3 major divisions of the coeliac trunk
- left gastric artery
- common hepatic artery
- splenic artery
what is the %s of blood from the portal triad components
hepatic artery - 20-25%
hepatic portal vein - 75-80%
what are the veins coming out of the liver
- right hepatic vein
- middle hepatic vein
- left hepatic vein
- all go into inferior vena cava
what is the hepatic sinusoid
vascular exchange network of the liver
what is the hepatic sinusoid lines with
endothelial cells - structural
kupffer cells - hepatic macrophages for large particles and immune regulation
describe the structure of space of disse
- contains blood plasma
- hepatocyte microvilli - absorb proteins
- hepatic stellate cells - matrix maintenance and store of vitamin A
describe bile canaliculi
- tributaries between hepatocytes
- 0.5 - 2.5 micrometers
- sealed tight junctions
- contractile microvilli - propel secreted bile
what is the function of the gallbladder
- bile storage and release
- contraction
- digestion of fat
what makes the gallbladder contract
food in small intestine —> releases cholecystokinin —> gallbladder contracts
describe the gallbladder
- pear shaped sac
- visceral surface of right lobe of liver
- fossa between right and quadrate lobe
what is the significance of the triangle of calot
- cystic artery
- used in laparoscopic surgery
what does cystic duct gallstones or Hartmann pouches gallstones cause
- cannot empty normally
- severe pain, infections
what does common bile duct gallstones cause
- obstructs flow of bile into duodenum
- jaundice
what does gallstones in the ampulla of vatar cause
- obstructs flow of bile into duodenum
- jaundice and pancreatic pain
what are further symptoms of gallstones
- nausea and vomiting
- pain in upper right and centre of abdomen
- back pain between shoulder blades and right shoulder
where can you get referred pain from gallstones
- nerve axon distribution
- diaphragm visceral peritoneum
- skin of the shoulder
- spinal cord levels C3 to C5
where is the pancreas located
- anterior to L1-l2
- behind lower stomach
where is the head and uncinate process of the pancreas
- nestled in duodenum inner curvature
- anterior to inferior vena cava
where is the neck of the pancreas found
- anterior to superior mesenteric vein
- anterior to abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery
where is the body of the pancreas found
anterior to the left kidney
where is the tail of the pancreas found
- anterior to the left kidney
- close to the spleen
describe the exocrine cells in the pancreas
- arranged in clusters called acini
- acini produce digestive enzymes
describe the endocrine cells of the pancreas
in pancreatic islets - islets of langerhans
