facial skull - viscerocranium Flashcards
how many facial bones are there
14 - 6 paired and 2 unpaired
what are the functions of facial bones
- protects delicate organs of the face
- allows attachment for facial muscles
- allows neuromuscular structures to pass through via foremans
what are the facial bones
- maxilla
- mandible
- conchae
- nasal
- vomer
- lacrimal
- zygomatic
- palatine
what is the function of the maxilla
holds upper teeth in place
what are le fort fractures
group of fractures that affect the midface of the skull and involve a partial or complete seperation of the midface from the skull
what are the causes of le fort fractures
forceful impact - car crash
what are the types of le fort fractures
type 1 - horizontal - alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior part of maxillary
type 2 - pyramidal - alveolar ridge and maxillary sinus and extends to orbital rim and nasal bone
type 3 - transverse - begins at nasofrontal and extends to orbital walls, zygomatic arch and pterygoid plates
what are the symptoms of a type 1 le fort fracture
- swelling of upper lip
- buccal surface bruising
- malocclusion
- loosening of teeth
what are symptoms of type 2 le fort fractures
- deformity and swelling of midface
- widening of intercanthal space
- malocclusion
- edema
what are the symptoms of type 3 le fort fractures
- lengthening and flattening of face
- ear drainage
- hemotypanum
- matroid region bruising
- orbital hooding
what is the function of the mandible
contours face and holds lower teeth in place
what is disc displacement with reduction
- clicking popping or snapping when opening and closing mouth
- paid may be on movement but normally asymptomatic
what is disc displacement without reduction
- limited mouth opening and sudden locking
- pain on mouth opening
- tenderness often around TMJ
what is the function of the conchae
- formation of middle and inferior nasal meatus
- airflow direction, humidification, heating and filtration of air
what is the function of nasal
protects the nasal cavity from external factors
what is the function of vomer
forms body portion of nasal septum along side ethmoid bone
what is the function of lacrimal
- provides support for the lacrimal apparatus
- attachment site for the orbicular oculi muscle
what is the function of the zygomatic bone
- arch protects the eye from direct blow
- provides attachment for masticatory muscle
what is the function of the palatine bone
- formation of horizontal plate, perpendicular plate and superior end of perpendicular place
