Thoracic Wall and Lungs Lecture Slides Flashcards
Anterior and posterior attachments of the ribs
Sternum and Thoracic vertebra
What are the three type of ribs?
True (1-7) False (8-10) and Floating (11-12)
Functions of the Thoracic Skeleton
Protection and landmarks to the underlying viscera of the thorax and superior abdominal cavity (below the rib cage)
Opening for communication with superior and inferior regions
Movement for respiration
Inferior and superior Mediastinum is divided by
Sternal angle
The “point” at which the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib articulates with the sternum
Sternal angle
Structure lying at the level of the sternal angle.
*RAT PLANTS:
Rib 2 Aortic Arch Tracheal Birforcation Pulmonary Trunk Ligamentum Arteriosum Azygos Vein Nerves Thoracic Duct
Costal means:
Ribs
Sternocostal joints attachment:
Sternum and costal cartilage
Costochondral joints:
Costal cartilage and ribs
Costal cartilage increases the elasticity of structure for
better movement and breath easier
True Ribs 1-7 articulates with
sternum (directly)
False Ribs 8-10 articulates with
costal cartilage (next superior)
Costal margin is an attachment for
diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles
-a palpable landmark for thoracic and abdominal cavities
There are 12 bilateral ribs but only ribs _____ articulates with costochondral joints
1-10
Ribs 11 and 12 has no anterior articulation and only attaches to
Vertebra 11 and 12
Inferolateral to the xiphoid process
Costal cartilage
Transverse process of thoracic vertebrae articulates with ______ of ribs
tubercle
Costotransverse joints is an articulation between
articular costal tubercle of rib and costal facet of transverse process
Ribs + vertebral body make up what joint?
Costovertebral joint
Each ribs head attaches with ______ and each rib tubercle articulates with the______
costal facets on the thoracic body and transverse process
Weakest point of the ribs
anterior to its angle (portion of the ribs that curves toward the front of the rib cage)
Fracture of ribs may lead to
collapsed lungs
Costal groove is the location of ___________
the neurovascular bundle (VAN)
Apertures means:
Opening
Inferior and Superior apertures provides_____
passageways for vital structures in and out of the thoracic cavity
What landmarks form the Superior Thoracic Aperture?
1st rib, T1 vertebrae, and jugular notch of the sternum
What muscle form the Inferior Thoracic Aperture?
Enclosed by diaphragm
Space between ribs is called ______ (spaced is identified by superior rib)
Intercostal space
What rib is superior to 8th intercostal space?
Rib 8
What structure articulates with both the sternum and the ribs anteriorly?
costal cartilage
To reach the abdomen, the esophagus must pass through which of the following?
Diaphragm
Volume and pressure relationship results in
inspiration and expiration
Increase in volume means _____and increase in pressure means _____
lower pressure and decrease volume
When the ribs rise up and diaphragm flattens. Is Mike doing inspiration or expiration?
inspiration (volume increase)
What is the nerve innervation of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
What muscle separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
Central tendon:
the fibrous pericardium of the heart is tethered superiorly
superior attachment of the diaphragm
organ inferior and rest level of Right Dome:
liver inferior
level of the 5th rib at rest
organs posterior to and rest level of Left Dome
Stomach and spleen inferior
level of 5th intercostal space at rest
Which dome sits higher at rest , right ot left?
Right dome (5th rib at rest)
Inferior attachments of the diaphragm:
Xiphoid process Costal margin Ends of ribs 11 and 12 Arcuate ligaments across the posterior wall Lumbar vertebrae
Mnemonic: I ate ten eggs at noon
Vena cava hitatus: Inferior vena cava (T8)
Esophageal hiatus: Esophagus (T10)
Aortic hiatus: Thoracic aorta (T12)
Contraction of the diaphragm: action/result
right and left domes DESCEND inferiorly
INCREASE thoracic diameter and volume within the thorax
Relaxation of the diaphragm: action/result
right and left domes ASCEND to resting position
Volume decease and pressure increases
Forced inspiration and expiration requires use of ________ muscles
accessory
Accessory muscles nerve innervation
Intercostal nerves (T2-T11)
What muscles are recruited when forceful expiration is needed
ex: blowing out candles
Abdominal muscles + internal intercostal
What structures passes through the diaphragm at T8?
Inferior vena cava
What is the superior attachment of the diaphragm?
Central tendon (pulls on muscles)
When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. T or F
True
Function: Trunk flexion and rotation, (accessory muscles of expiration) _________
external oblique and rectus abdominis
External intercostal —- Internal Intercostal ________ —— Innermost Intercostal
Neurovascular bundle (VAN)
The outermost layer of the thoracic wall, elevates ribs during inspiration
Vertebral body to the costal cartilage
replaces muscles fibers to the sternum anteriorly
Hand in Pocket
External intercostal
Depresses ribs during active expiration, sternum to the tubercle of ribs replaces muscles fibers to the vertebral body posteriorly
Oh My!!
Internal intercostal (middle layer)
Similar fiber directions and difficult to separate from the internal layer of
mostly found along a lateral section of the thoracic wall
innermost intercostal
Intercostal vein arteries and nerves travel between what two layers?
Internal and innermost intercostal muscles
The intercostal veins drains into what main venous system?
Azygos system
Intercostal veins arteries, and nerves travel between what two layers?
internal and innermost intercostal muscles
Which lung has an additional lobe and fissure
RIght lung
Which lung accommodates for the position of the heart
Cardiac notch and lingula
Left lung
