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Clinical Functional Anatomy > Facial expression and mastication > Flashcards

Facial expression and mastication Flashcards

1
Q

supraorbital margin to superior nuchal line posteriorly, temporal fascia to zygomatic arch laterally

A

Scalp

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2
Q

S.C.A.L.P Mnemonic?

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue (dense)
  • Apronerorisis (galea aponerutica): link frontalis and. occipitalis muscles
  • Loose connective tissue (emissary vein drain to cranial sinus, dangus to spread infection)
  • Pericranium
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3
Q

Below supraorbital margin to the chin, ear to ear

A

Face

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4
Q

Is facial expression both scalp and face? T or F

A

True

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5
Q

What is the superior and inferior compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Superior compartment: mandibular fossa superiorly and disk inferiorly - translational movement

Inferior compartment: disk superiorly and mandibular condyle anteriorly- rotational movement

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6
Q

What type of cartilage is the disk that articulates with the TMJ joint?

A

Fibrocartilage disk

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7
Q

Ligaments that articulate with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

Joint capsule
Lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament

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8
Q

What is the TMJ motion?

A
  • Depression vs. elevation: depression is weak in animal kingdom (alligator can bite but if you hold their mouth if closed)
  • Protrusion vs. extrusion/retraction
  • side to side excursion
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9
Q

What causes TMJ popping/clicking?

A

hypermobile joint capsule
tight lateral pterygoid muscle
damage disk place the disk anteriorly against the articular tubercle
Mandibular condyle reduces to the disc will cause clicking or popping noise

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10
Q

Temporal fossa boundaries & contents?

A

posteriorly and superiorly: temporal lines

anteriorly: frontal and zygomatic bones
laterally: zygomatic arch
inferiorly: infratempiral crest
roof: temporalis fascia

contents:
upper portion of temporalis

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11
Q

Infratemporal fossa: continues to temporal fossa
Boundary:
Contents:

A

Boundaries:
Deep to zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible,
posterior to maxilla
bordered lateral pterygoid plate

Contents:
The lower portion of the temporalis 
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles 
maxillary artery 
Pterygoid venous plexus 
Mandibular inferior, alveolar, lingual, buccal, and chorda tympani nerves
*Otic ganglion*
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12
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa
Boundaries:
Contents:

A 
Boundaries: 
Roof: greater wing of the sphenoid
Medially: perpendicular plate of palatine 
Anterioly: posterior aspect of maxilla
Posteriorly: pterygoid process
Floor: pyramidal process of palatine

Contents:
ptergoplataine ganglion
pterygopalatine of maxillary artery

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13
Q

CN VII: Facial Nerve (B S&M)

  1. Somatic Motor Functions:
  2. Visceral Motor (parasympathetic motor)
A

Somatic Motor:
Motor to stapedius muscle: middle ear
Motor to (2) suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid and digastric posterior belly
Motor to facial expression muscles

Visceral motor:
Pterygopalatine ganglion: licrimal glands, nasal and palatine muscosa (greater petrosal nerve)
Submandibular ganglion: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (chorda tympani)

Somatic sensation: external ear
Visceral sensation: taste of 2/3 anterior tongue -chemical sensation

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14
Q

diagnostic significance: Pathway of CN VII: Facial Nerve (before crossing internal meatus)

  • in internal acoustic meatus after geniculate ganglion
  • before crossing the tympanic cavity
  • after crossing the tympanic cavity
  • after leaving stylomastoid foramen
A
  1. greater petrosal nerve: losing lacrimal/sinus mucosal glands visceral motor
  2. stapedial nerve-hyperacusis
  3. chorda tympani- chemical sensation
  4. digastric posterior belly; stylohyoid, terminal branch
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15
Q

What are the facial expression branches of the CN VII: Facial N.

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal
Mandibular 
Cervical 
Posterior articular

Mnemonic: Two Zebras Bit My Cookies

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16
Q

What are the three divisions of CN V: Trigeminal N.

What are there functions S, M, or B

A

V1: ophthalmic (S)
V2: maxillary (S)
V3: mandibular (S&M)

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17
Q

V1: ophthalmic n.
Passageway?
Terminal sensory branch?

A

passageway: superior orbital fissure

terminal sensory branch: supraorbital nerve

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18
Q

V2: Maxillary
Passageway?
Terminal sensory branch?

A

Foramen rotundum

Infraorbital

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19
Q

V3: mandibular
Passageway?
Terminal sensory branch?

A

foramen ovale

sensory: mental neve
motor: muscles for mastication, suprahyoid muscles, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palantini

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20
Q

Which nerve detects sensory input at the mandibular angle?

A

Sensory terminal branch V3: Mandibular

-mental nerve

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21
Q

Visceral motor from ciliary ganglion to pupil muscle

-ciliary nerve of V1

A

CN III: Oculomotor

22
Q

Visceral motor from pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa
-the zygomatic nerve of V2 (maxillary); lacrimal nerve of V1 (ophthalmic)

Visceral motor/sensory-chorda tympani to/from submandibular ganglion (submaibudlar/sublingual glands)
-lingual nerve V3 (mandibular)

A

CN VII: Facial N.

23
Q

Postganglionic visceral motor from otic ganglion to otic gland
-auriculotemporal nerve of V3 (mandibular)

A

CN IX: glossopharyngeal n.

24
Q

Branches of V3: Mandibular

  • First fibers
  • Anterior division
  • Posterior division
A

First fibers:
Motor: tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, medial pterygoid
Sensory: meningeal

Anterior division:
Motor: temporal, massster, lateral ptyerygoid
Sensory: buccal

Posterior divison:
Motor: mylohyoid
Sensory: lingual, (chorda tympami), inferior aleolar, auriculotemporal

25
Q

External Carotid Artery( ECA) branches of face and scalp:

A 
Lingual artery 
Facial artery: *very tortuous for facial expression*
Ascending pharyngeal 
Ascending palatine artery 
Maxillary artery
26
Q

Maxillary branches of face and scalp

A 
Middle meningeal artery: wrapped by auriculotemporal nerve 
Inferior alveolar artery 
Greater and lesser palatine artery 
Sphenopalatine artery 
Deep temporal artery
27
Q

Where does the venous system of the face and scalp drain?

A

Drain into external jugular vein
Drain into internal jugular vein
Drain into cavernous sinus
Emissary/diploic veins drain into superior sagittal sinus directly

triangle of death

28
Q

All facial expression muscles are __________ to each other except one which is _______?

A

subcutaneous; buccinator

29
Q

What facial muscle is pierced by the parotid gland?

A

Buccinator

30
Q

Obicularis oculi-
Afferent:
Efferent:

A

Afferent: CN V1
Efferent: CN VII

The afferent limb of the reflex is the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (nasociliary branch). The efferent limb is the facial nerve (branch to the palpebral element of orbicularis oculi)

31
Q

Obularis functions:

A

Closes eyelid

Orbital part: wink tightly
Palpebral part: blink reflex shut the eyelid

32
Q

All muscles of mastication are innervated by what nerve?

A

CN V: trigeminal n.

33
Q

What is posterior 1/3 chemical sensory of tongue innervated by:

A

CN IX: glossopharyngeal n.

34
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the epiglottis?

A

CN X: Vagus

35
Q

What tongue muscle is the only tongue muscle that is not innervated by CN XII

A

Plataoglossus; CN X

36
Q

Upper motor injury (UMN):

A

damage above the lower motor nuclei in one hemisphere

37
Q

Damage in and below the lower motor nuclei

A

Lower injury injury (LMN)

38
Q

The UMN can elevate the eyebrows. T or F?

A

True

39
Q

Bell’s Palsy: crocodile tears syndrome caused by what?

A

Visceral motor spread (LMN) - injury with greater petrosal nerve

40
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A

holds food in mouth

41
Q

The parotid duct pierces what muscle?

A

Buccinator

42
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Initiate mandibular motion, protract mandible

43
Q

What mastication muscles protract the mandible?

A

medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
Masseter

44
Q

What mastication muscles elevate the mandible?

A

Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

45
Q

What nerve innervates anterior 2/3 chemical sensory input of the tongue

A

Facial N. CNVII

46
Q

What nerve innervates posterior 1/3 chemical sensory input of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal n. CN IX

47
Q

What nerve innervates the epiglottis?

A

CN X (vagus)

48
Q

All of the intrinsic and extrinic tongue muscles are innervated by CN XII EXCEPT?

A

Palatoglossus: CN X (Vagus)

49
Q

The hypoglossal nerve is between medullary pyramid and inferior olive? T to F

A

True

50
Q

If the patient has an upper motor injury (UMN) can he elevate his eyebrow?

A

Yes because the scalp is spared.

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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