The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Question 1

What color does air and bone appear on x-rays?

Answer 1

air (black) and bone (white)

Question 2

The sternal angle separates the the mediastinum _______ to ________ mediastinum

Answer 2

superior and inferior

Question 3

The phrenic nerve, superior vena cava, and pulmonary aa. vv. and trunk are contents of _______

Answer 3

a) . superior mediastinum
b) . inferior middle mediastinum
c) . inferior anterior mediastinum
d. inferior posterior mediastinum

b.

Question 4

The contents belong to what subdivision of the mediastinum:

descending aorta 
esophagus and nerve plexus 
azygos system of veins 
thoracic duct 
sympathetic 

DEATS

Answer 4

inferior posterior

Question 5

The pericardial sac consists of three layers which are____________ (superficial to deep)

Answer 5

Fibrous
Partial layer
Visceral layer

Question 6

Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 6

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Question 7

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called ________

Answer 7

epicardiam

adheres to heart

Question 8

Narrow space between the parietal and visceral layers

Answer 8

pericardial cavity
-Contains a small amount of fluid
-allows for relatively uninhibited movement of the heart
pericardial cavity

Question 9

Fibrous pericardium attaches to the

Answer 9

central tendon of the diaphragm, posterior sternum, and posterior mediastinum

Question 10

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 10

Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

Question 11

A rapid accumulation of excess fluid is called ______ which can lead to _____ compression of the heart, resulting in heart failure.

Answer 11

pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade

Question 12

Middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction

Answer 12

myocardium

Question 13

Internal layer of the heart, lines the lumen of the 4 chambers, lines the cusps valves

Answer 13

endocardium

Question 14

The inferolateral part of the left ventricle is the _______ of the heart

remains motionless throughout cardiac cycles

Answer 14

apex

Question 15

Where is the base of the heart mostly located?

Answer 15

left atrium
posterior aspect of the heart (opposite apex)
contacts the esophagus

Question 16

muscular pouch
projects from the right atrium
increases the capacity of the atrium as it overlaps the aorta

“add on on room”

Answer 16

Right Auricle

Right atrial appendage

Question 17

What rough muscle can be found on the internal surface of the auricle? Also found in both left and right atrium.

Answer 17

Pectinate muscles

Question 18

Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part

Answer 18

Crista terminalis

Question 19

Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part

Answer 19

Crista terminalis

Question 20

What are the 4 veins that deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?

Answer 20

SVC, IVC, Anterior Cardiac Veins, Coronary Sinus

Question 21

Allowed blood entering the right atrium to pass to the left side of the heart
bypass the lungs
allowed blood to pass because the placenta is responsible for gas exchange in utero

Answer 21

Fossa ovalis

after birth the foramen ovale closes and the name changes to fossa ovalis

Question 22

Opens during diastole (ventricular relaxation)
blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Closes during systole (ventricular contraction)
Preventing the retrograde (backward) return of blood from the ventricle to atrium

Answer 22

Tricuspid valve

Question 23

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 23

Tricuspid valve

Question 24

Name the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 24

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 25

Oxygenate blood from the lungs returns through the 4 pulmonary veins to drain into which chamber

Answer 25

the left atrium

Question 26

fibrous cords | connect the free edges of the cusps of the Av valves to the papillary muscles

Answer 26

Chordae tendineae

Question 27

_________ and chordae tendinae keep the AV valves from prolapsing backward into the atria when closing systolic contraction of ventricles elevations of ventricular myocardium attach the AV valve leaflets vis chordae tendinae

Answer 27

papillary muscles

Question 28

Papillary muscles are specialized _________ projecting ridges of the myocardium

Answer 28

trabeculae carneae

Question 29

Which valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Answer 29

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 30

What are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 30

pulmonary arteries

Question 31

Which of the following chambers of the heart include: | left auricle, pectinate muscles, mitral valve, and valve of foramen ovale

Answer 31

Left atrium

Question 32

The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle T or F?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is it called when the ventricles relax and allow the ventricles to fill with blood?

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

What is it called when the ventricles contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries?

Answer 34

Systole

Question 35

Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal border?

Answer 35

aortic semilunar valve

Question 36

Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal border?

Answer 36

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 37

Which valve is located at the 4th and 5th intercostal space of the left sternal border?

Answer 37

tricupsid valve

Question 38

Which valve is located at the 5th intercostal space at the at the midclavicular line?

Answer 38

mitral/bicupsid valve

Question 39

Supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium and other tissues of the heart Drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and other tissues of the heart

Answer 39

Coronary arteries; Cardiac Veins

Question 40

Originates from the right aortic sinus Travels in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle ``` Branches: SA nodal branch Acute marginal (right marginal branch) AV nodal branch Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) ```

Answer 40

right coronary artery

Question 41

Which heart chambers have pectinate muscles fibers?

Answer 41

The right and left atrium

Question 42

Apex of the heart is in which intercostal space?

Answer 42

Left 5th intercostal space

Question 43

Patient has C3 disc herniation which of the following structures will NOT be compromised?

Answer 43

a) . fibrous pericardium b) . splenius cervicis c) . diaphragm d) . supraspinatus

Question 44

The patient suffered L ventricle heart attack which resulted in the posterior papillary muscle being nonfunctional. Which of the following functions of this heart will be compromised?

Answer 44

Insufficient systemic blood circulation (is the path of blood from the L ventricle to the body and back to the heart)

Question 45

Patient has esophageal hiatal herniation. Which cardiac chamber will be directly affected?

Answer 45

L atrium (base of the heart)

Question 46

Patients suffering blood insufficiency of SA node can be caused by malfunction of which of the following valves?

Answer 46

aortic semilunar valve

Question 47

The correct order or intrinsic cardiac conduction system and action potential succession during one heartbeat.

Answer 47

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, L/R bundle, Purkinje Fibers