The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards
What color does air and bone appear on x-rays?
air (black) and bone (white)
The sternal angle separates the the mediastinum _______ to ________ mediastinum
superior and inferior
The phrenic nerve, superior vena cava, and pulmonary aa. vv. and trunk are contents of _______
a) . superior mediastinum
b) . inferior middle mediastinum
c) . inferior anterior mediastinum
d. inferior posterior mediastinum
b.
The contents belong to what subdivision of the mediastinum:
descending aorta esophagus and nerve plexus azygos system of veins thoracic duct sympathetic
DEATS
inferior posterior
The pericardial sac consists of three layers which are____________ (superficial to deep)
Fibrous
Partial layer
Visceral layer
Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called ________
epicardiam
adheres to heart
Narrow space between the parietal and visceral layers
pericardial cavity
-Contains a small amount of fluid
-allows for relatively uninhibited movement of the heart
pericardial cavity
Fibrous pericardium attaches to the
central tendon of the diaphragm, posterior sternum, and posterior mediastinum
What nerve innervates the diaphragm and the fibrous pericardium?
Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)
A rapid accumulation of excess fluid is called ______ which can lead to _____ compression of the heart, resulting in heart failure.
pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade
Middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction
myocardium
Internal layer of the heart, lines the lumen of the 4 chambers, lines the cusps valves
endocardium
The inferolateral part of the left ventricle is the _______ of the heart
remains motionless throughout cardiac cycles
apex
Where is the base of the heart mostly located?
left atrium
posterior aspect of the heart (opposite apex)
contacts the esophagus
muscular pouch
projects from the right atrium
increases the capacity of the atrium as it overlaps the aorta
“add on on room”
Right Auricle
Right atrial appendage
What rough muscle can be found on the internal surface of the auricle? Also found in both left and right atrium.
Pectinate muscles
Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part
Crista terminalis
Separates the rough and smooth portion of the right atrium
Extends from SVC to IVC
SA node located in the superior part
Crista terminalis
What are the 4 veins that deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
SVC, IVC, Anterior Cardiac Veins, Coronary Sinus
Allowed blood entering the right atrium to pass to the left side of the heart
bypass the lungs
allowed blood to pass because the placenta is responsible for gas exchange in utero
Fossa ovalis
after birth the foramen ovale closes and the name changes to fossa ovalis
Opens during diastole (ventricular relaxation)
blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Closes during systole (ventricular contraction)
Preventing the retrograde (backward) return of blood from the ventricle to atrium
Tricuspid valve
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
Name the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
Oxygenate blood from the lungs returns through the 4 pulmonary veins to drain into which chamber
the left atrium
fibrous cords
connect the free edges of the cusps of the Av valves to the papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
_________ and chordae tendinae keep the AV valves from prolapsing backward into the atria when closing systolic contraction of ventricles
elevations of ventricular myocardium
attach the AV valve leaflets vis chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
Papillary muscles are specialized _________
projecting ridges of the myocardium
trabeculae carneae
Which valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary arteries
Which of the following chambers of the heart include:
left auricle, pectinate muscles, mitral valve, and valve of foramen ovale
Left atrium
The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle T or F?
True
What is it called when the ventricles relax and allow the ventricles to fill with blood?
Diastole
What is it called when the ventricles contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries?
Systole
Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal border?
aortic semilunar valve
Which valve is located at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal border?
pulmonary semilunar valve
Which valve is located at the 4th and 5th intercostal space of the left sternal border?
tricupsid valve
Which valve is located at the 5th intercostal space at the at the midclavicular line?
mitral/bicupsid valve
Supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium and other tissues of the heart
Drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and other tissues of the heart
Coronary arteries;
Cardiac Veins
Originates from the right aortic sinus
Travels in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle
Branches: SA nodal branch Acute marginal (right marginal branch) AV nodal branch Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
right coronary artery
Which heart chambers have pectinate muscles fibers?
The right and left atrium
Apex of the heart is in which intercostal space?
Left 5th intercostal space
Patient has C3 disc herniation which of the following structures will NOT be compromised?
a) . fibrous pericardium
b) . splenius cervicis
c) . diaphragm
d) . supraspinatus
The patient suffered L ventricle heart attack which resulted in the posterior papillary muscle being nonfunctional. Which of the following functions of this heart will be compromised?
Insufficient systemic blood circulation (is the path of blood from the L ventricle to the body and back to the heart)
Patient has esophageal hiatal herniation. Which cardiac chamber will be directly affected?
L atrium (base of the heart)
Patients suffering blood insufficiency of SA node can be caused by malfunction of which of the following valves?
aortic semilunar valve
The correct order or intrinsic cardiac conduction system and action potential succession during one heartbeat.
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, L/R bundle, Purkinje Fibers
