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Clinical Functional Anatomy > Eye, Nose & Ear > Flashcards

Eye, Nose & Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 orbit bones?

A 
Frontal 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid 
Palatine 
Lacrimal 
Maxilla 
Zygomatic

*medial wall faces forward but lateral wall face laterally

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2
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

  1. Supraorbital foramen/notch:
A

Frontal bone; Supraorbital nerve: V1 terminal branch

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3
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

2. Optic Canal:

A

Sphenoid bone; Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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4
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

3. Superior orbital fissure:

A

Sphenoid bone; CN V1, ophthalmic division

-CN III, IV, and VI: blood vessels

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5
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

  1. Ethomodial foramina:
A

-Ethmoid bone; ethmoidal nerves and arteries (nasociliary, V1 branches)

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6
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

  1. Nasolacrimal canal: lacrimal bone and maxilla
A

Lacrimal bone and maxilla

-nasolacrimal duct: drainage of tear

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7
Q

Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

Inferior orbital fissure

A

sphenoid and maxilla

-venous plexus

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8
Q

What is the function of the lacrymal apparatus?

A

Tear production:

  • moisture in the eye
  • emotional expression

Drainage of tear:

  • tear flows inferomedial across the eye to lacrimal canaliculi
  • lacrimal canacliculi into the nasolacrimal duct (opening in the inferior meatus of nose)
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9
Q

What is the shuttle nerve for visceral motor innervation of the lachrymal apparatus:

A

CN V: Trigeminal N. as the shuttle

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10
Q

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic visceral motor innervation of the lachrymal apparatus:

A

Sympathetic: postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion to form deep petrosal nerve
-postganglionic fibers hike zygomatic nerve (V2) to lacrimal (V1)

Parasympathetic: preganglionic axons from CN VII: facial n. to from greater petrosal nerve

  • *cross pterygoid canal: nerve of pterygoid canal**
    - preganglionic axons form synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion
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11
Q

What are the three layers of the orbit wall?

A

Out layer

  - sclera: white dense (most of the eyeball)
  - cornea: clear dense for light passing through

Choroid: blood vessel plexus

Retina: sensory circulation

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12
Q 
These are contents of what structure?
anterior and posterior chamber 
-Iris: pupil 
    -pupillary light reflex
-Ciliary body: lens 
-Vitreous body: humor
A

Contents in the eyeball

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13
Q

What is the somatosensory innervation for the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic N. (V1) from CN V

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14
Q

What is the neurovascular orbit supply (medial to lateral for the main branches V1)?

A

Nasociliary nerve
Frontal nerve: ciliary nerve, supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves
Lacrimal nerve: smallest branch

*NFL

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15
Q

What is the blood supply of the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic artery from the internal carotid artery

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16
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A 
Central retinal artery 
Ciliary artery 
Supraorbital artery 
Ethmoidal artery 
Lacrimal artery
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17
Q

What does the supraorbital artery give blood supply to?

A

scalp and eye

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic: visceral motor innervation of the eyeball?

A

Sympatehtic: postganglionic fibers from superior cervical ganglion. hike long/shhort ciliary nerve

Parasymapthetic: preganglionic fibers from CN III (Oculomotor N.) to for, ciliary ganglion

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19
Q

In the eyeball what does the ciliary body do?

A

modulate size of lens

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliary body?

A

Only innervated by the postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic)

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21
Q

What is the sympathtic function of te Iris?

A

dilate the pupil

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22
Q

What is the parasympatetic funtion of the Iris?

A

Constrict the pupil-pupillary light relfex

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23
Q

What CN is the afferent (toward) for the Iris?

A

Afferent; CN II

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24
Q

What CN is efferent (away) for the Iris?

A

Efferent; CN III

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25
Q

What syndrome is this referring to:

  • must be balanced
  • Constructed pupil
  • eyelid ptosis
  • no sweating on affected side
A

Horner’s Syndrome

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26
Q

What are the structures of the eyelid?

A

Msucle tendons
Orbital septum
Palperbral ligamnet: Lateral/medial
Tarus plate: superior/inferior

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27
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the eyelid?

A

V1: opthalamic (superior) and V2: maxillary (inferior) terminal nerve branches

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28
Q

What is the blood supply for the eyelid?

A

anstomosis of external and internal cartis arery terminal branches

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29
Q

What are the functions of the eyelid?

A
  • Protecting

- Facial expression

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30
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi:

orbital part:
palpebral part:

A

Close eyelid
wink
blink

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31
Q

What is bell’s palsy?

A

cant close eye

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32
Q

What is the nerve innervation of Orbicularis oculi:

A

CN VII (Facial N.)

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33
Q

What is the function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A

Open eyelid

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34
Q

What is the muscle attachment of the levator palpebrae superioris? (proximal/distal)

A

prox: common tendinous ring attcahing posterior orbital wall
distal: upper eyelid

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35
Q

What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

What deficit is can be related to this muscle/nerve?

A

CN III: Oculomotor

Fully ptosis: dangerous triagnle/cavernosus sinus

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36
Q

Superior tarsal muscle function:

A

Open eyelid (open eyelid further when excited)

37
Q

What is the muscle attachment of the superior tarsal muscle? (prox/distal)

A

Prox: musculotendinous junction of levator palpebrae superioris
Distal: superior tarsal plate

38
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Superior Tarsal muscle?

What deficit can be related to these muscles?

A

Sympathetic innervation from superior cervical ganglion

Horners syndrome (sympathetic non-functional), partial ptosis (drooping eyes)

39
Q

All extraocular msucles EXCECPT the inferior oblique proximal attachment is the common tendimous ring attaching the psoteror orbit wall. T or F?

40
Q

What nerve innervates the 4 rectus muscles?

A

Inferior, Medial and Superior rectus muscles are innervated by CN III (oculomotor)

Lateral Rectus inervated by CN VI (abdunces)
-which means it abducts

41
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior oblique?

A

medial orbital of maxilla

42
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the 2 oblique muscles?

A 
CN III (oculomotor)- inferior oblique 
CN IV (trochlear) - superior oblique
43
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

eyeball rolls down and outward

44
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

eyeball rolls up and outward

45
Q

What is Esotropia:

A

adducted eyeballs; CN VI (abducens) palsy

46
Q

What is Exotropia:

A

Abducted eyeball; medial rectus not working

47
Q

What is hypertrophia:

A

Elevated eyeball(s): CN IV palsy

48
Q

What is Hypotropia:

A

depressed eyeball(s): inferior oblique not working (CN III)

49
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

50
Q

Location of the External ear:

A

from auricle tympanic membrane

51
Q

Location of the middle ear:

A

tympanic cavity, between tympanic membrane and bony cages for vestibulocochlear

52
Q

What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

-pharyngotympanic tube/eustachian tube: connecting middle ear to the nasopharynx

53
Q

Location of the inner ear:

A

-from vestibulocochlear organs to the internal acoustic meatus

54
Q

What is elastic cartilage and the scaffold

55
Q

Auditory ossicles: from lateral to medial

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

56
Q

External Ear: sensory innervation

Tip of Ear 
Posteroinferior 
Center 
Posterior auditory canal 
External acoustic meatus:
A

CN V (trigeminal)
C2 spinal nerves
CN X (vagus)
CN VII/IX and X (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)
V3, CN VII, IX, & X (mandibular, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

57
Q

Middle ear: sensory innervation

A

CN IX: glossophyrngeal n.

-viseral motor for mucosla glands, somatic snesory for general sensation

58
Q

Internal ear: sensory innervation

A

special sensation organs- hearing nd proprioception/balance

59
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle ear/tympanic cavity?

A 
Anterior: internal carotid 
Lateral wall: tympanic membrane 
Medial: labyrinthine 
Roof: tegmental part of the temporal bone (middle cranial fossa)
Posterior: mastoid sinus (aditus)
Floor: internal jugular
60
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior border of the tympanic cavity

A

lesser petrosal nerve

61
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity

A

CN V

-muscles malleus and tensor tympani

62
Q

What nerve innervates the medial border of the tympanic cavity

A

lesser petrosal nerve- otic ganglion for parotid gland

CN VII: Facial N.

63
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior border of the tympanic cavity

A

CN VII: Facial N.

64
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

a disorder in loudness perception

65
Q

What is the nerve innervation for tensor tympani

A

CN V3 (trigeminal/mandibular)

66
Q

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

A

tensing tympanic membrane, decreasing vibration thus dampening chewing noise

coordinated with mastication muscles innervated by CN V3

67
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the Stapedius muscles?

A

CN VII: Facial N.

68
Q

What is the function of the Stapedius muscles? (smallest muscle in the body)

A

dampening vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window

69
Q

What are the two compartments of the internal ear?

A

Cochlear and Vestibular compartment

70
Q

What is the function of the cochlea compartment of the inner ear?

A

hearing through cochlear CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear N.)

71
Q

What is the function of the vestibular compartment of the inner ear?

A

proprioception and balance CN VIII: (Vestibulocochlear N.)

72
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

stabilize the vision

-when driving head is wobbly all the time but stabilize gaze

73
Q

What is the vestibulospinal reflex?

A

maintain upright posture

VCR is one subtype but specialized VSR

74
Q

What is vestibulocollic reflex?

A

No bobblehead

neck muscles contract/relax according to to head position detected by the vestibular system

75
Q

Wrong/insufficient motor response can result to fall and injury is called what

A

Imbalance: Colles/Smith facture

76
Q

Boundaries of the nasal cavity:

A

Lateral wall: irregualr
Medial wall: nasal septum
Roof: narrow-frontal ethmoidal sphenoidal
Floor: broad- maxilla (palatine processes) and palatine bone

77
Q

Functions of the nasal cavity:

A

Repiraton
Olfactions
Drainage spaces if crinal sinuses and lacrimal gland

78
Q

Functions of the drainage sinuses into the nasal cavity

A

Produce mucus to moisturize nasal cavity
Lighten the skull
Improve voice

79
Q

Innervation of the nasal cavity:

A 
Olfactory nerve
CN V2 (somatic sensory)
80
Q

Nasopalatine nerve V1 or V2?

81
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity (except vestibule)

A

Facial nerve

Hiking V1/V2

82
Q

What is the blood supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Internal and external carotid a.

83
Q

food stimulates the soft palate, elevates and prevents food get into the nasal cavity, and pharynx/larynx muscle contract to move food down the esophagus

  • Afferent:
  • Efferent
A

Swallowing reflex

Afferent: CN IX
Efferent CN X

84
Q

CN X: innervates most of the ear?

A

True:

  • center
  • post. auditory canal
  • prominence ant. canal
  • external acoustic meatus
85
Q

Where is the tympanic cavity located, external ear, middle ear or internal ear?

A

middle ear

86
Q

Tensor tympani and mastication muscles are innervated by

87
Q

What ear muscles dapens chewing noises?

A

Tensor Tymani

88
Q

What ear msicles dapens vibration passed to chochlea?

89
Q

Where does mastoid sinus drain?

A

Middle ear through aditus, pharyngotympanic tube to nasopahrynx

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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