Abdominal Contents Flashcards
abdominal esophagus, stomach, liver, 1/2 duodenum, pancreas, spleen (celiac artery)
Foregut contents
1/2 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal 1/2 colon, (superior mesenteric artery)
Midgut
Distal 1/2 colon (inferior mesenteric artery)
Hingut
rotates and rapidly elongates around the superior mesenteric artery 270 degrees counterclockwise, can stop at some steps and result in the abnormal alignment of contents
stop after 180 degrees of rotation, appendix under the liver, the pain still around McBurney’s Point. Disarrangemnet alignment, splanchnic nerves mixed
Rotation of Midgut
The hindgut elongates slowly and doesn’t rotate? T or F
True
The folding of visceral peritoneum:
omentum ligament
The folding of visceral peritoneum:
greater and lesser omentum (ligament)
From greater curvature of the stomach to transverse colon
Greater omentum
From lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
lesser omentum
Folding of the parietal peritoneum:
mesentery, mesocolon, ligament (falciform)
attaches organs to abdominal wall
provide neurovascular bundle
Entirely covered by visceral peritoneum organs:
Outside of parietal peritonum
Intraperitoneal organs
Retrointropertonal organs
These organs are intra or retroperitoneal organs? esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon
Intraperitoneal (organs are mobile)
These organs are intra or retroperitoneal organs? Duodenum, pancreas. kidneys, ascending and descending colon
Retroperitoneal (fixed into the locatio)
This organ was a primary retroperitoneal and “spinned” into intraperitoneal
spleen
Which organ is in both the foregut and midgut?
duodenum
What is the blood supply of the foregut?
celiac trunk
What is the blood supply of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the blood supply of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What structures run underneath the hepatoduodenal ligament (foramen of Winslow)
hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the
common hepatic artery
gives rise to hepatic proper and. right gastric too
If the patient has an esophageal hernia which chamber of the heart would be affected?
Left atrium (base)
Malfunction of the gastroesophageal/ lower esophageal sphincter will result in?
GERD
Blood supply of Fundus
short gastric artery from splenic artery, trabecular branches
Where is lipid and fat-soluble vitamins absorbed and the binding of vitamin B12
Foregut: stomach
What ligaments divide the liver into R and L lobes?
Falciform, L triangular, ligamentum teres, and ligamentum venosum
Connection of umbilical vein to Inferior Vena Cava
Ligamentum venosum
What is the difference between hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein: carries deoxygenated blood from liver to IVC
Hepatic portal vein: carries nutrient rich blood from the intestine and other parts such as the gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
Innervation: 30-80% by R phrenic nerve: pain around shoulder and back, probably for afferent visceral sensory nerve
Gallbladder
This foregut organ sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream
Function:
Endocrine: insulin and glucagon (beta and alpha cells)
Exocrine: digestive enzymes
Pancreas
Hypoduodenal ligament contents (foramen of Winslow)
hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
HPC
Squamocolumnar junction: transition from ______ to ______
ectoderm to endoderm
Malfunction of esophageal spincher would affect what chamber of the heart would be affected?
Left atrium
What is the blood supply of the stomach
short gastric artery (from splenic artery)
What artery oxygenates the blood in the lungs?
—> pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) —> ____________ —> pulmonary vein (oxygenated)
Bronchial artery (oxygenated)
This is the blood flow of what organ:
portal vein (deoxygenated) —> and hepatic artery (oxygenated)—> hepatic vein (deoxygenated) —.> IVC
Liver
The patient had pain around the shoulder and back, probably for afferent visceral sensory nerve? What nerve?
R Phrenic nerve
30-80% population
The patient has referral pain around L shoulder (diapgram) can he have Kehr’s sign?
Yes, Kehrs sign (ruptured spleen)
Which organ has 24/7 surveillance every second to detect unwanted bacteria
Spleen
The 2/3 of the duodenum is in the foregut? T or F
False
During foregut rotation left vagus plexus rotate ______
anterior
During foregut rotation right vagus plexus rotate ______
posterior
Rotation of the midgut is ________ degrees
270 degree counterclockwise
What is the folding of the visceral peritoneum
lesser and greater omentum
What is the folding of the parietal peritoneum______
mesentery, mesocolon, and falciform ligament
CELIAC TRUNK:
What two arteries branches of the splenic artery:
short gastric artery and left gastroepiploic
What three arteries branches of the common hepatic artery:
gastroduodenal artery
right gastric artery
hepatic proper artery
Hepatic Artery Proper give off what two arteries:
R and L hepatic artery to L lobes of liver
What forms the internal sphincter of the stomach?
What forms the external sphincter of the stomach?
thicken circular smooth muscle
R and L crus of diaphragm
Blood supply of lesser curvature:
right and left gastric artery
shorter words in comparison to greater curvature
Blood supply of greater curvature:
Right and left gastroepiploic
What is a vitamin essential for the stomach?
B12
What are the anterior lobes of the liver?
right and left lobe
falciform ligament
What ligaments divide the two lobes of the liver?
falciform, triangular, ligamentum teres, and ligamentum venosum
What is the blood supply of the gallbladder?
cystic artery
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Bile storage:
Concentration of bile from common hepatic duct
Leave organic components only
Digestion and absorption of lipids/lip soluble vitamins
30-80% by phrenic nerve: Patient has pain around shoulder and back, probably for afferent visceral sensory nerve
gall bladder
The patient has referral pain in the left shoulder (diaphragm)
(Keher’s Sign) ruptured spleen
The pancreas has both Endocrine and Exocrine what are the functions?
Endocrine: insulin and glucagon (alpha and beta cells) have extraordinary abundant blood supply
Exocrine: digestive enzymes
Center of immune response, 24/7 “training center”
spleen
Price of the diaphragm muscle form esophogeal hiatus, r crus
suspending 3rd and 4th duodenum and duodenmjenual flexure
Ligament of Treitz
What 5 arteries branch off the Superior Mesenteric Artery:
- Middle colic artery
- Right colic artery
- Illeicolic artery
- Jejunal arteries
- Ileal arteries
What 3 arteries branch off the Inferior Mesenteric Artery
- Left colic artery
- Sigmoid arteries
- Superior rectal artery
What is the function of the colon:
limited absorbtion: water, salt
symbiosis
dehydrated digested food residues to stool
Constipation enlarged colon, can compress _________ nerve and induce inner thigh numbness/tingling
obrurator
The right renal artery lies posterior to IVC. Increasing the abdominal aorta risk
AAA
The left renal vein generally runs between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. Compression leads to what risk factor
“nutcracker syndrome”
Less blood supply at splenic flexure: bowel resection (large intestine)
watershed zone
During portal hypertension:
gastric/splenic vein to esophageal veins: esophageal varies
(Inferior mesenteric artery) rectal veins to internal iliac veins: hemorrhoids
Paraumbilical veins: caput medusa
If IVC impaired, directly to subclavian veins
Foregut: visceral motor innervation: (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
sympathetic: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
parasympathetic: vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)
Midgut: visceral motor innervation: (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
n/a
parasympathetic: vagus nerve (cranial 10) to 2/3 transverse colon
Hindgut: visceral motor innervation: (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Sympathetic: lumbar splanchnic nerve (L1-L2)
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)
The function of the liver:
Nutrient storage
Detoxication
Secret bile: drain to gallbladder
