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ANAT 392 - Len > Thoracic wall and Lungs > Flashcards

Thoracic wall and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

How wide are the thoracic dermatomes ~?

A

2 inches

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2
Q

What is the dermatome immediately below the clavicle?

A

T2

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3
Q

What is the dermatome passing over nipples?

A

T4

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4
Q

What is the dermatome over the xiphoid process?

A

T6

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5
Q

What is the dermatome over the umbilicus?

A

T10

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6
Q

What are the main dermatomes of the chest?

A

T2-T6

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7
Q

What is the name for the nerves running between ribs, supplying skin and muscles? for the nerve running below rib 12?

A

intercostal; subcostal

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8
Q

What type of nerves are intercostal ?

A

MIXED

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9
Q

The intercostal nerves are the _____ _____ of spinal nerves.

A

ventral rami

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10
Q

During what phase do the mammary glands produce milk?

A

active

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11
Q

As an individual gets older glandular tissue is replaced with _______ tissue.

A

adipose

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12
Q

Breast tissue is essentially a modified _____ gland.

A

sweat

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13
Q

Approx. how many openings are there for lactiferous ducts?

A

16-20

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14
Q

Each mammary gland lobe has its own corresponding ____.

A

duct

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15
Q

What is the dermatome range covering the breast?

A

T2-T6

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16
Q

What are the major arteries supplying the medial breast?

A

medial mammary aa.

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17
Q

What are the medial mammary aa. branches of?

A

internal thoracic

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18
Q

What are the major arteries supplying the lateral breast?

A

Lateral mammary aa.

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19
Q

What are the lateral mammary arteries branches of?

A

lateral thoracic arteries

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20
Q

What artery gives branches to the anterior intercostal aa?

A

internal thoracic

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21
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal aa. arise from?

A

aorta

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22
Q

What are the two groups of lymph nodes draining the breast tissue?

A
  1. Parasternal

2. Anterior (pectoral)

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23
Q

What is the most common site for breast cancer?

A

upper lateral region

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24
Q

What lymph group receives lymphatic drainage from the medial half of breast tissue?

A

parasternal

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25
Q

What lymph group receives lymphatic drainage from the lateral half of breast tissue ?

A

anterior (pectoral)

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26
Q

What are the three intercostal muscles?

A
  1. external
  2. internal
  3. innermost
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27
Q

How and where do the external intercostal muscles run?

A

run anteriorly and inferiorly; occupy posterior 2/3 of intercostal space

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28
Q

How and where do the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

run posteriorly and inferiorly; occupy anterior 2/3 of intercostal space

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29
Q

How and where do the innermost intercostal muscles run?

A

run posteriorly and inferiorly; occupy middle 1/3 of intercostal space

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30
Q

The fibers of the internal and external intercostal muscles run at _____ angles to each other.

A

right

31
Q

What are the action of the intercostal muscles?

A

assist in relaxed inhalation

32
Q

What is the direction of the ribs when inhaling?

A

bucket handle (up and out)

33
Q

What is the direction of the sternum when inhaling?

A

pump handle (xiphoid moves superiorly and anteriorly)

34
Q

Where do the intercostal arteries and nerves run?

A

sandwiched between innermost and internal intercostals

35
Q

What order do the intercostal vessels and nerve run?

A

VAN (superior to inferior)

36
Q

When the intercostal muscles end, they send an extension of _______ that shares the same name as the muscle.

A

fascia

37
Q

What type of joint is the articulation between the head of the rib and the body of the vertebrae?

A

synovial planar

38
Q

What type of joint is the joint between ribs (excluding 1st) and the sternum?

A

synovial planar

39
Q

What type of joint is the joint between the first rib and the manubrium?

A

cartilaginous synchondrosus

40
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm?

A
  1. costal
  2. crus (lumbar)
  3. sternal
41
Q

What is the name of the area where the 3 parts of the diaphragm converge to?

A

central tendon

42
Q

What are the three main openings in the diaphragm?

A
  1. Aortic
  2. Esophageal
  3. Caval
43
Q

What are the levels of the 3 hiatuses in the diaphragm?

A
  1. Caval = T8
  2. Esophageal = T10
  3. Aortic = T12
44
Q

Why are the 3 hiatuses at different levels of the thoracic spine?

A

because of the DOME shape of the diaphragm

45
Q

If the crus part of the diaphragm does not properly develop, the individual may be at risk of an ________ herniation.

A

esophageal

46
Q

The lungs are contained within the _______ cavities.

A

pleural

47
Q

What is the highest point of the lungs called?

A

apex

48
Q

How far above the clavicles do the lungs reach?

A

~1 inch

49
Q

Anteriorly, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of _____.

A

T6

50
Q

Laterally, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of ___.

A

Rib 8

51
Q

Posteriorly, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of ____.

A

Rib 10

52
Q

What is the small notch in the anterior border of the left lung called?

A

cardiac notch

53
Q

What is the name of the recess at the inferior border of the lungs?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

54
Q

What are the names of the two sulci in the right lung?

A
  1. Oblique

2. Transverse (horizontal)

55
Q

How many fissures does the left lung have?

A

1 (oblique)

56
Q

Each lung has ___ segments on each side.

A

10

57
Q

Each segments has its own?

A
  1. blood supply
  2. air supply
  3. lymph drainage
58
Q

Each segments is functionally ________.

A

independent

59
Q

What is the name of the area in the middle of the medial surface of the lung?

A

hilum

60
Q

What is the names of the lobes in the right lung? The left?

A

Superior, middle, inferior; superior and inferior

61
Q

The pleural membrane is a ______ membrane that secretes fluid to minimize friction and facilitate movements between surfaces.

A

serous

62
Q

How many generations of branches does the trachea have?

A

23-25

63
Q

What are the two layers of the pleural membrane?

A
  1. visceral

2. parietal

64
Q

What is the space between the two layers of pleura called?

A

pleural cavity

65
Q

At what point does the visceral pleura reflect to become the parietal pleura?

A

at hilum

66
Q

At what intercostal spaces does the costodiaphragmatic recess approximately sit?

A

Ribs 9-10

67
Q

What is the first generation of tracheal branches called?

A

main bronchus (primary)

68
Q

What is the name of the second generation of tracheal branches ?

A

lobar bronchus (secondary)

69
Q

What is the name of the third generation tracheal branches?

A

segmental bronchus (tertiary)

70
Q

How many lobar branches should there be on the R side? L side?

A

3;2

71
Q

How many segmental branches should there be on the R side? L side?

A

10 on EACH

72
Q

The _____ pleura is innervated by the same autonomic nerves supplying the lung tissue, and the _____ pleura is innervated by somatic sensory nerves.

A

visceral; parietal

73
Q

What nerves innervate the parietal pleura?

A

phrenic and intercostals

74
Q

______ pleura pain is dull and widespread; _____ pleura pain is sharp and localized

A

visceral; parietal

ANAT 392 - Len (25 decks)

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