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ANAT 392 - Len > Thoracic wall and Lungs > Flashcards

Thoracic wall and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

How wide are the thoracic dermatomes ~?

A

2 inches

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2
Q

What is the dermatome immediately below the clavicle?

A

T2

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3
Q

What is the dermatome passing over nipples?

A

T4

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4
Q

What is the dermatome over the xiphoid process?

A

T6

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5
Q

What is the dermatome over the umbilicus?

A

T10

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6
Q

What are the main dermatomes of the chest?

A

T2-T6

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7
Q

What is the name for the nerves running between ribs, supplying skin and muscles? for the nerve running below rib 12?

A

intercostal; subcostal

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8
Q

What type of nerves are intercostal ?

A

MIXED

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9
Q

The intercostal nerves are the _____ _____ of spinal nerves.

A

ventral rami

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10
Q

During what phase do the mammary glands produce milk?

A

active

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11
Q

As an individual gets older glandular tissue is replaced with _______ tissue.

A

adipose

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12
Q

Breast tissue is essentially a modified _____ gland.

A

sweat

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13
Q

Approx. how many openings are there for lactiferous ducts?

A

16-20

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14
Q

Each mammary gland lobe has its own corresponding ____.

A

duct

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15
Q

What is the dermatome range covering the breast?

A

T2-T6

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16
Q

What are the major arteries supplying the medial breast?

A

medial mammary aa.

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17
Q

What are the medial mammary aa. branches of?

A

internal thoracic

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18
Q

What are the major arteries supplying the lateral breast?

A

Lateral mammary aa.

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19
Q

What are the lateral mammary arteries branches of?

A

lateral thoracic arteries

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20
Q

What artery gives branches to the anterior intercostal aa?

A

internal thoracic

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21
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal aa. arise from?

A

aorta

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22
Q

What are the two groups of lymph nodes draining the breast tissue?

A
  1. Parasternal

2. Anterior (pectoral)

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23
Q

What is the most common site for breast cancer?

A

upper lateral region

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24
Q

What lymph group receives lymphatic drainage from the medial half of breast tissue?

A

parasternal

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25
What lymph group receives lymphatic drainage from the lateral half of breast tissue ?
anterior (pectoral)
26
What are the three intercostal muscles?
1. external 2. internal 3. innermost
27
How and where do the external intercostal muscles run?
run anteriorly and inferiorly; occupy posterior 2/3 of intercostal space
28
How and where do the internal intercostal muscles run?
run posteriorly and inferiorly; occupy anterior 2/3 of intercostal space
29
How and where do the innermost intercostal muscles run?
run posteriorly and inferiorly; occupy middle 1/3 of intercostal space
30
The fibers of the internal and external intercostal muscles run at _____ angles to each other.
right
31
What are the action of the intercostal muscles?
assist in relaxed inhalation
32
What is the direction of the ribs when inhaling?
bucket handle (up and out)
33
What is the direction of the sternum when inhaling?
pump handle (xiphoid moves superiorly and anteriorly)
34
Where do the intercostal arteries and nerves run?
sandwiched between innermost and internal intercostals
35
What order do the intercostal vessels and nerve run?
VAN (superior to inferior)
36
When the intercostal muscles end, they send an extension of _______ that shares the same name as the muscle.
fascia
37
What type of joint is the articulation between the head of the rib and the body of the vertebrae?
synovial planar
38
What type of joint is the joint between ribs (excluding 1st) and the sternum?
synovial planar
39
What type of joint is the joint between the first rib and the manubrium?
cartilaginous synchondrosus
40
What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm?
1. costal 2. crus (lumbar) 3. sternal
41
What is the name of the area where the 3 parts of the diaphragm converge to?
central tendon
42
What are the three main openings in the diaphragm?
1. Aortic 2. Esophageal 3. Caval
43
What are the levels of the 3 hiatuses in the diaphragm?
1. Caval = T8 2. Esophageal = T10 3. Aortic = T12
44
Why are the 3 hiatuses at different levels of the thoracic spine?
because of the DOME shape of the diaphragm
45
If the crus part of the diaphragm does not properly develop, the individual may be at risk of an ________ herniation.
esophageal
46
The lungs are contained within the _______ cavities.
pleural
47
What is the highest point of the lungs called?
apex
48
How far above the clavicles do the lungs reach?
~1 inch
49
Anteriorly, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of _____.
T6
50
Laterally, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of ___.
Rib 8
51
Posteriorly, the inferior border of the lungs is at the level of ____.
Rib 10
52
What is the small notch in the anterior border of the left lung called?
cardiac notch
53
What is the name of the recess at the inferior border of the lungs?
costodiaphragmatic recess
54
What are the names of the two sulci in the right lung?
1. Oblique | 2. Transverse (horizontal)
55
How many fissures does the left lung have?
1 (oblique)
56
Each lung has ___ segments on each side.
10
57
Each segments has its own?
1. blood supply 2. air supply 3. lymph drainage
58
Each segments is functionally ________.
independent
59
What is the name of the area in the middle of the medial surface of the lung?
hilum
60
What is the names of the lobes in the right lung? The left?
Superior, middle, inferior; superior and inferior
61
The pleural membrane is a ______ membrane that secretes fluid to minimize friction and facilitate movements between surfaces.
serous
62
How many generations of branches does the trachea have?
23-25
63
What are the two layers of the pleural membrane?
1. visceral | 2. parietal
64
What is the space between the two layers of pleura called?
pleural cavity
65
At what point does the visceral pleura reflect to become the parietal pleura?
at hilum
66
At what intercostal spaces does the costodiaphragmatic recess approximately sit?
Ribs 9-10
67
What is the first generation of tracheal branches called?
main bronchus (primary)
68
What is the name of the second generation of tracheal branches ?
lobar bronchus (secondary)
69
What is the name of the third generation tracheal branches?
segmental bronchus (tertiary)
70
How many lobar branches should there be on the R side? L side?
3;2
71
How many segmental branches should there be on the R side? L side?
10 on EACH
72
The _____ pleura is innervated by the same autonomic nerves supplying the lung tissue, and the _____ pleura is innervated by somatic sensory nerves.
visceral; parietal
73
What nerves innervate the parietal pleura?
phrenic and intercostals
74
______ pleura pain is dull and widespread; _____ pleura pain is sharp and localized
visceral; parietal

ANAT 392 - Len (25 decks)

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