Lower limb muscles Flashcards
Coccygeus
O: ischial spine
I: coccyx
A: Support pelvic viscera; aids in continence
N: S3,S4
Piriformis
O: Pelvic surface of sacrum between 2nd, 3rd and 4th anterior sacral foramina; pelvic surface of sacrotuberous ligament; gluteal surface of ilium
I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
A: Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abduction of flexed thigh
N: L5,S1,S2
Internal obturator
O: Inner surface of obturator membrane; margin of obturator foramen
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of the hip; extension
N: L5, S1, S2
Deep transverse perineii
O: ischial ramus and tuberosity
I: perineal body
A: fixation of the perineal body and pelvic support
N: Pudendal nerve
Superficial transverse perineii
O: ischial ramus and tuberosity
I: perineal body
A: provides support to pelvic floor and perineal body
N: Pudendal nerve
Ischiocavernosus
O: ischial tuberosities and ischial pubic ramus
I: penis on men; corpora cavernosa and crura of the clitoris
A: compression of the clitoris or penis; maintains erection
N: pudendal n.
Bulbospongiosus
O: perineal body and fascia of the bulb of the vestibule (women); central tendinous point and the midline raphe on the bulb of the penis (men)
I: perineal membrane (both); corpus cavernosum (females); dorsal surface of corpus spongiosum and the deep penile fascia (males)
A: compress the vestibular bulb and constricts the vaginal orifice (females); compress the bulb of the penis and compress the spongy urethra (males)
N: pudendal n.
External anal sphincter
O: perineal body
I: anococcygeal body
A: constricts the anal canal
N: pudendal
Gluteus medius
O: external surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
A: Hip abduction and stabilization of pelvis;
anterior part = flexion and IR
posterior pat = extension and ER
N: Superior gluteal (L4,5, S1)
Gluteus maximus
O: fascia of the gluteus medius; external surface of ilium behind post. gluteal line; fascia of erector spinae; dorsal surface of sacrum; lateral margin of coccyx; sacrotuberal ligament
I:
Upper fibers: posterior part of the ilitiotibial tract and the fasciae latae muscles
Lower fibers: the gluteal tuberosity of the proximal femur
A: extension of the femur when flexed; lateral stabilization of the hip and knee joints; external rotation of the femur
N: inferior gluteal n. (L5-S2)
Tensor fascia latae
O: anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior part of the iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract
A: tenses the fascia lata; abduction, flexion and internal rotation at the hip joint
N: superior gluteal n. (L5, S1)
Gluteus minimus
O: external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter of the femur
A: abduction of the hip and stabilization of the pelvis;
Anterior part: flexion and internal rotation
Posterior part: extension and external rotation
N: Superior gluteal n. (L5, S1)
Obturator internus
O: inner surface of the obturator membrane and the margin of the obturator foramen
I: medial surface of the greater trochanter above the trochanteric fossa
A: lateral rotation
N: L5-S2
Piriformis
O: pelvic surface of sacrum
I: superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
A: external rotation; abduction and extension of the hip joint; stabilization of the hip
N: L5-S2
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate line below the intertrochanteric crest of the femur
A: external rotation and adduction of the hip joint
N: L4-S1
Superior gemellus
O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of the greater trochanter with the obturator internus
A: lateral rotation of the thigh, abduction and extension of the hip joint
N: L5-S2
Inferior gemellus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of the greater trochanter with the obturator internus tendon
A: lateral rotation of the thigh, abduction and extension of the hip joint
N: L5
Rectus femoris
O: AIIS and superior part of the acetabulum
I: Tibial tuberosity and the patella via quadriceps tendon
A: Flexion of the hip joint and extension of the knee joint
N: Muscular branches of femoral nerve
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: Medial part of the tibia near the tibial tuberosity
A: Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of the hip joint; flexion and medial rotation of the knee joint
N: Muscular branches of femoral n.
Vastus medialis
O: medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur and intertrochanteric line
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
A: Extension of the knee joint
N: Muscular branches of femoral n.
Vastus lateralis
O: Greater trochanter of the femur, the lateral lip of the linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity
I: Tibial tubersoty via the patellar ligament
A: Extension of the knee joint
N: Muscular branches of femoral n.
Vastus intermedius
O: Anterior and lateral surface of the femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
A: Extension of the knee joint
N: Muscular branches of femoral n.
Iliacus
O: Iliac fossa and crest; the ala of the sacrum
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur where it joins with and inserts as the iliopsoas muscle
A: Flexion and lateral rotation of the hip joint; ipsilateral bending of the trunk; raises the trunk from the spine position
N: Femoral n.
Psoas major
O: Anterior surfaces and lower borders of the TP of T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur and inserts as the iliopsoas tendon
A: Flexion of the hip joint; lateral rotation; ; bends lumbar vertebral column
N: L1-L3 spinal n.
Adductor longus
O: Medial part of the superior ramus of the pubis
I: Linea aspera
A: Adduction and flexion at the hip joint; extension and lateral rotation of the femur; stabilization of the pelvis
N: Obturator n.
Pectineus
O: Pectineal line of pubis
I: Pectineal line of the femur
A: Adduction, medial rotation and weak flexion of hip joint; stabilization of the pelvis
N: Muscular branches of femoral nerve; obturator nerve
Gracilis
O: Pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus
I: Medial surface of the tibia
A: Adduction of the hip joint; flexion and media rotation of the knee joint
N: Obturator n.
Adductor brevis
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Pectineal line and medial lip of the linea aspera
A: Adduction and weak flexion of the hip joint
N: Obturator n.
Adductor magnus
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis; ischiopubis; ischial tuberosity
I: Medial lip of the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle of the femur
A: Adduction of the thigh;
Adductor part: weakly flexes thigh
Hamstring part: extends thigh, lateral rotation and stabilization of the pelvis
N: Obturator nerve; tibial n.
Obturator externes
O: Outer surface of the obturator membrane, superior and inferior pubic rami
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
A: Adduction and lateral rotation at hip joint; stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
N: Obturator n.
