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ANAT 392 - Len > Pelvis - non muscles > Flashcards

Pelvis - non muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvic cavity separated by ?

A

pelvic brim (/inlet/superior pelvic aperture)

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2
Q

What are the parts of the pelvic cavity ?

A
  1. True pelvis

2. Fale pelvis

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3
Q

Whats another name for true pelvis?

A

Lesser

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4
Q

Whats another name for false pelvic?

A

Greater

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5
Q

What is the false pelvic continuous with

A

abdominal cavity

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6
Q

What are the 4 anatomical landmarks that form the superior pelvic aperture?

A
  1. Sacral promontory
  2. Anterior border of sacral ala
  3. Terminal line
  4. Symphysis pubis
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7
Q

What is the terminal line formed by?

A
  1. Arcutate line
  2. Iliopubic eminence
  3. Pecten of pubis
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8
Q

What 5 things is the inferior pelvic aperture formed by?

A
  1. Symphysis pubis
  2. Ischiopubic ramus
  3. Ischial tuberosity
  4. Sacro-tuberous ligament
  5. Coccyx
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9
Q

The SI joint is what type of joint?

A

Synovial planar/ gliding joint

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10
Q

What surfaces are the SI joint formed by?

A
  1. Auricular surface of ilium

2. Auricular surface of sacrum

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11
Q

_________ = when promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly into pelvic space

A

nutation

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12
Q

________ = promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly.

A

counternutation

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13
Q

Why is the SI joint so critical?

A

Passes body weight from spinet lower limbs

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14
Q

Around age 40-45, what type of joint may the SI joint turn into (in 70% of the population)?

A

fibrous joint

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15
Q

Why does the SI joint turn into a fibrous joint in 70% of the population between ages 40-45?

A

Around this age we lose muscle mass and as a result the support that is normally provided by muscles to the join does not exist anymore; since we need a lot of stability in this joint the solution is to turn into fibrous joint.

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16
Q

The symphysis pubis is a _________ joint between the bodies of pubic bones.

A

Cartilaginous

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17
Q

The articular surfaces of the symphysis pubis are covered by _______ cartilage.

A

hyaline

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18
Q

A larger of _______ cartilage binds the pubic bones together.

A

fibro

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19
Q

The sub-pubic angle is formed between the two inferior pubic ______ and is wider in (males/females).

A

rami; women

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20
Q

What degree is the sub-pubic angle in men? in women?

A

90; 110

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21
Q

What are the 7 ligaments in the SI joint area?

A
  1. Anterior sacro-iliac
  2. Posterior sacro-iliac
  3. Sacro-Spinous
  4. Sacro-tuberous
  5. Ilio-lumbar
  6. Anterior longitudinal
  7. Interosseous sacro-iliac
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22
Q

Expansion of what ligaments causes the change of the SI from a synovial to a fibrous joint?

A

interosseous

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23
Q

What two ligaments are expansions of the poster SI ligament?

A
  1. Sacro-tuberous

2. Sacro-spinous

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24
Q

What two muscle groups is the pelvic diaphragm made up of?

A
  1. Levator ani

2. Coccygeus

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25
Q

What are the 3 sets of muscles that make up levator ani?

A
  1. Pubo-rectalis
  2. Pubo-coccygeus
  3. Ilio-coccygeus
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26
Q

What is prolapsus referring to?

A

the inferior displacement of the pelvic viscera

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27
Q

Why do we have the peraneum muscles?

A

Because of the weak midline in the pelvic diaphragm due to the structures passing through.

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28
Q

What structures are located in the urogenital triangle?

A

Urethra and vaginal canal

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29
Q

What is the name given to the posterior half of the diamond formed by the inferior pelvic region?

A

anal triangle

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the superficial transverse perinei muscle?

A

stabilize perinei body so other muscles can use it as a base

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31
Q

Paralysis of what muscle would lead to urinary incontinence?

A

deep transverse perinei

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32
Q

What muscle maintains an erection? (aka alex’s favourite)

A

ischio-cavernosus

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33
Q

Paralysis of what muscle would lead to increased UTI’s? Why?

A

Bulbospongiousus (males); squeezes out last bit of urine, if this does not occur their is always some urine left in the urethra, leading to an increased risk of UTI’s.

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34
Q

All perineal muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

Pudental

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35
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch located?

A

Between skin and perineal fascia

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36
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

37
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch located?

A

Above fascia

38
Q

What is found in the deep perineal pouch?

A

deep transverse and superficial transverse perinei

39
Q

The sacral plexus if formed by the ______ rami of the L__ - Co spinal nerves.

A

anterior (ventral); 4

40
Q

Sciatic n.?

A

L4-S3

41
Q

Superior gluteal and quadratus femoris n.?

A

L4,L5 and S1

42
Q

Inferior gluteal and obturator internus n.?

A

L5,S1, S2

43
Q

Posterior cutaneous n?

A

S1,S2,S3

44
Q

Pudendal n.?

A

S2,S3,S4

45
Q

Nerve to piriformis?

A

S1, S2

46
Q

Perforating cutaneous n.?

A

S2,S3

47
Q

Nerve to levator ani?

A

S3,S4

48
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta end?

A

L4

49
Q

What does the abdominal aorta split into?

A

L and R common iliac

50
Q

What are the 2 branches of the common iliac artery?

A

External and internal iliac artery

51
Q

What does the superior gluteal artery pass over?

A

S1

52
Q

What does the inferior gluteal artery pass under?

A

S4

53
Q

What are the 5 branches of the internal iliac artery?

A
  1. Superior gluteal nerve
  2. Inferior gluteal
  3. Internal pudendal
  4. Obturator
  5. Visceral branches
54
Q

What does the external iliac a. turn into?

A

femoral

55
Q

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal/hip region?

A

Supra crestal plane (L4)

56
Q

What is the medial boundary of the gluteal/hip region?

A

Median sacral crest

57
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal/hip region?

A

Skin of lateral surface of the lower limb

58
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal/hip region?

A

Skin fold known as gluteal fold

59
Q

The entire lower limb is invested by a deep ______.

A

fascia

60
Q

________ to the thigh region the deep fascia thickens to form the IT band

A

Lateral

61
Q

Where does the IT band insert?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

62
Q

The IT band crosses the knee joint. (T/F)

A

TRUE

63
Q

The ASIS and the pubic tubercle should be in line in a _______ plane when position the pelvis as it would be in the human body.

A

VERTICAL

64
Q

What are the 3 superior extensions of the linea alba?

A
  1. Gluteal tuberosity
  2. Pectineal line
  3. Spiral lines
65
Q

The glut max is the ___ most powerful muscle in the body.

A

3rd

66
Q

What is the prime mover for extension of the hip joint?

A

glut max

67
Q

In what position does the glut max help to stabilize the knee?

A

when knee is in full flexion

68
Q

What is the prime mover for abduction of the hip joint?

A

glut med

69
Q

What is the ROI of the glut med?

A

lateral tilt of the pelvis

70
Q

Where is the COG in the human body>

A

2 inches in from of S2

71
Q

If glut med isn’t working, what will compensation be done by? what action will be made?

A

abdominal muscles; ribs will move closer to hips

72
Q

In trendelenburg gait, the abdominal muscles of the _______ side to the affected glut med will try to compensate.

A

ipsilateral

73
Q

What is another name for bilateral paralysis of the glut med?

A

waddeling gait

74
Q

Paralysis of what nerve(s) may lead to trendelenburg/waddeling gait?

A

L4, L5, S1

75
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis in prone position?

A

medial rotation

76
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis in 90 degrees flexion?

A

cross legs

77
Q

What is the prime mover for lateral rotation?

A

quadratus femoris

78
Q

In 70% of people, the sciatic n. ends at the junction of proximal _____ of the back of the thigh and distal ___ of the back of thigh.

A

2/3; 1/3

79
Q

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular; tibial

80
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

When the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve fail to join, and one nerve (most commonly the common fibular n.) passes through the piriformis.

81
Q

The head of the femur is almost entirely covered in ______ cartilage.

A

hyaline

82
Q

The labrum increases ____ of the joint, and is made of _____ cartilage.

A

congruency or depth; fibrocartilage

83
Q

What is the name of the extension of the labrum that bridges over the acetabular notch?

A

transverse acetabular

84
Q

Through what structure does the acetabular branch of the obturator artery pass though to get to the round ligament?

A

foramen formed by the transverse acetabular ligament.

85
Q

Extension of the hip joint leads to ________ of articular surface against each other and therefore more _______ in the joint.

A

compression; stability

86
Q

The areas of the joint capsule that are thicker than others are known as the ____ ligaments.

A

intrinsic

87
Q

There are more ligaments located in the (anterior/posterior) region of the hip joint.

A

anterior

88
Q

What 5 arteries is the blood supply of the hip joint from?

A
  1. Medial femoral circumflex a.
  2. Lateral femoral circumflex a.
  3. First perforating a.
  4. Inferior gluteal a.
  5. Obturator a.

ANAT 392 - Len (25 decks)

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