Pelvis - non muscles Flashcards
What is the pelvic cavity separated by ?
pelvic brim (/inlet/superior pelvic aperture)
What are the parts of the pelvic cavity ?
- True pelvis
2. Fale pelvis
Whats another name for true pelvis?
Lesser
Whats another name for false pelvic?
Greater
What is the false pelvic continuous with
abdominal cavity
What are the 4 anatomical landmarks that form the superior pelvic aperture?
- Sacral promontory
- Anterior border of sacral ala
- Terminal line
- Symphysis pubis
What is the terminal line formed by?
- Arcutate line
- Iliopubic eminence
- Pecten of pubis
What 5 things is the inferior pelvic aperture formed by?
- Symphysis pubis
- Ischiopubic ramus
- Ischial tuberosity
- Sacro-tuberous ligament
- Coccyx
The SI joint is what type of joint?
Synovial planar/ gliding joint
What surfaces are the SI joint formed by?
- Auricular surface of ilium
2. Auricular surface of sacrum
_________ = when promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly into pelvic space
nutation
________ = promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly.
counternutation
Why is the SI joint so critical?
Passes body weight from spinet lower limbs
Around age 40-45, what type of joint may the SI joint turn into (in 70% of the population)?
fibrous joint
Why does the SI joint turn into a fibrous joint in 70% of the population between ages 40-45?
Around this age we lose muscle mass and as a result the support that is normally provided by muscles to the join does not exist anymore; since we need a lot of stability in this joint the solution is to turn into fibrous joint.
The symphysis pubis is a _________ joint between the bodies of pubic bones.
Cartilaginous
The articular surfaces of the symphysis pubis are covered by _______ cartilage.
hyaline
A larger of _______ cartilage binds the pubic bones together.
fibro
The sub-pubic angle is formed between the two inferior pubic ______ and is wider in (males/females).
rami; women
What degree is the sub-pubic angle in men? in women?
90; 110
What are the 7 ligaments in the SI joint area?
- Anterior sacro-iliac
- Posterior sacro-iliac
- Sacro-Spinous
- Sacro-tuberous
- Ilio-lumbar
- Anterior longitudinal
- Interosseous sacro-iliac
Expansion of what ligaments causes the change of the SI from a synovial to a fibrous joint?
interosseous
What two ligaments are expansions of the poster SI ligament?
- Sacro-tuberous
2. Sacro-spinous
What two muscle groups is the pelvic diaphragm made up of?
- Levator ani
2. Coccygeus
What are the 3 sets of muscles that make up levator ani?
- Pubo-rectalis
- Pubo-coccygeus
- Ilio-coccygeus
What is prolapsus referring to?
the inferior displacement of the pelvic viscera
Why do we have the peraneum muscles?
Because of the weak midline in the pelvic diaphragm due to the structures passing through.
What structures are located in the urogenital triangle?
Urethra and vaginal canal
What is the name given to the posterior half of the diamond formed by the inferior pelvic region?
anal triangle
What is the purpose of the superficial transverse perinei muscle?
stabilize perinei body so other muscles can use it as a base
Paralysis of what muscle would lead to urinary incontinence?
deep transverse perinei
What muscle maintains an erection? (aka alex’s favourite)
ischio-cavernosus
Paralysis of what muscle would lead to increased UTI’s? Why?
Bulbospongiousus (males); squeezes out last bit of urine, if this does not occur their is always some urine left in the urethra, leading to an increased risk of UTI’s.
All perineal muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Pudental
Where is the superficial perineal pouch located?
Between skin and perineal fascia
What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
Where is the deep perineal pouch located?
Above fascia
What is found in the deep perineal pouch?
deep transverse and superficial transverse perinei
The sacral plexus if formed by the ______ rami of the L__ - Co spinal nerves.
anterior (ventral); 4
Sciatic n.?
L4-S3
Superior gluteal and quadratus femoris n.?
L4,L5 and S1
Inferior gluteal and obturator internus n.?
L5,S1, S2
Posterior cutaneous n?
S1,S2,S3
Pudendal n.?
S2,S3,S4
Nerve to piriformis?
S1, S2
Perforating cutaneous n.?
S2,S3
Nerve to levator ani?
S3,S4
What level does the abdominal aorta end?
L4
What does the abdominal aorta split into?
L and R common iliac
What are the 2 branches of the common iliac artery?
External and internal iliac artery
What does the superior gluteal artery pass over?
S1
What does the inferior gluteal artery pass under?
S4
What are the 5 branches of the internal iliac artery?
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Inferior gluteal
- Internal pudendal
- Obturator
- Visceral branches
What does the external iliac a. turn into?
femoral
What is the superior boundary of the gluteal/hip region?
Supra crestal plane (L4)
What is the medial boundary of the gluteal/hip region?
Median sacral crest
What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal/hip region?
Skin of lateral surface of the lower limb
What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal/hip region?
Skin fold known as gluteal fold
The entire lower limb is invested by a deep ______.
fascia
________ to the thigh region the deep fascia thickens to form the IT band
Lateral
Where does the IT band insert?
Gerdy’s tubercle
The IT band crosses the knee joint. (T/F)
TRUE
The ASIS and the pubic tubercle should be in line in a _______ plane when position the pelvis as it would be in the human body.
VERTICAL
What are the 3 superior extensions of the linea alba?
- Gluteal tuberosity
- Pectineal line
- Spiral lines
The glut max is the ___ most powerful muscle in the body.
3rd
What is the prime mover for extension of the hip joint?
glut max
In what position does the glut max help to stabilize the knee?
when knee is in full flexion
What is the prime mover for abduction of the hip joint?
glut med
What is the ROI of the glut med?
lateral tilt of the pelvis
Where is the COG in the human body>
2 inches in from of S2
If glut med isn’t working, what will compensation be done by? what action will be made?
abdominal muscles; ribs will move closer to hips
In trendelenburg gait, the abdominal muscles of the _______ side to the affected glut med will try to compensate.
ipsilateral
What is another name for bilateral paralysis of the glut med?
waddeling gait
Paralysis of what nerve(s) may lead to trendelenburg/waddeling gait?
L4, L5, S1
How do you stretch the piriformis in prone position?
medial rotation
How do you stretch the piriformis in 90 degrees flexion?
cross legs
What is the prime mover for lateral rotation?
quadratus femoris
In 70% of people, the sciatic n. ends at the junction of proximal _____ of the back of the thigh and distal ___ of the back of thigh.
2/3; 1/3
What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?
Common fibular; tibial
What is piriformis syndrome?
When the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve fail to join, and one nerve (most commonly the common fibular n.) passes through the piriformis.
The head of the femur is almost entirely covered in ______ cartilage.
hyaline
The labrum increases ____ of the joint, and is made of _____ cartilage.
congruency or depth; fibrocartilage
What is the name of the extension of the labrum that bridges over the acetabular notch?
transverse acetabular
Through what structure does the acetabular branch of the obturator artery pass though to get to the round ligament?
foramen formed by the transverse acetabular ligament.
Extension of the hip joint leads to ________ of articular surface against each other and therefore more _______ in the joint.
compression; stability
The areas of the joint capsule that are thicker than others are known as the ____ ligaments.
intrinsic
There are more ligaments located in the (anterior/posterior) region of the hip joint.
anterior
What 5 arteries is the blood supply of the hip joint from?
- Medial femoral circumflex a.
- Lateral femoral circumflex a.
- First perforating a.
- Inferior gluteal a.
- Obturator a.
