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ANAT 392 - Len > Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What is the esophagus comprised of?

A
  1. Alimentary canal

2. Accessory organs (teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.)

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2
Q

Esophagus is a __________ tube that extends between the distal end of the laryngopharynx (C___) and stomach (T___).

A

muscular; CVI; TXI

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3
Q

Arterial supply for the esophagus comes from branches of the ______ aorta and nerve supply mainly by CN ___.

A

thoracic; X

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4
Q

The esophagus has important relations to what 3 structures?

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Aortic arch
  3. Right atrium of heart
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5
Q

How long is the esophagus? What other 3 structures have similar length?

A

25cm; stomach; duodenum; ureter

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6
Q

In what area of the mediastinum does the esophagus sit?

A

Posterior

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7
Q

What level of the T spine does the esophagus pass through

A

T10

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8
Q

In what regions of the abdomen is the stomach located?

A

Epigastric and left hypochondriac region

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9
Q

What 3 parts can the stomach be subdivided into?

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Pyloric part
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10
Q

What are the left and right borders of the stomach known as?

A

Greater and lesser curvatures

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11
Q

The entrance and exit of the stomach are guarded by the _______ and _______ respectively.

A

cardia; pylorus

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12
Q

What is the capacity of the stomach?

A

1 L

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13
Q

What does the duodenum surround?

A

Head of pancreas

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14
Q

What are the 4 segments of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Descending
  3. Inferior
  4. Ascending
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15
Q

The ______ segment receives the secretions of the pancreas and bile (liver).

A

second (descending)

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16
Q

The inferior vena cava and the aorta pass (anterior/posterior) to the duodenum.

A

POSTERIOR

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17
Q

The jejunum makes up the proximal __/5 and the ileum makes up the distal __/5 of the Sm. I.

A

2;3

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18
Q

The ______ has a thicker wall, narrower lumen and fewer arteries compared to the _______.

A

jejunum; ileum

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19
Q

Chemical digestion mostly takes place in the _______ whereas absorption of nutrients occurs mostly in the ______.

A

jejunum; ileum

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20
Q

What does the Lg. I consist of?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Appendix
  3. Colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Anal canal
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21
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A
  1. Ascending
  2. Transverse
  3. Descending
  4. Sigmoid
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22
Q

The cecum receives the content of ileum though the _________ valve.

A

ileocecal

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23
Q

The appendix is usually attached _____ to the distal end of the cecum.

A

medial

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24
Q

In the colon, longitudinal smooth muscles are organized in the form of _____ muscular bundles. These muscles are called ______ _____.

A

3; tenia coli

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25
Q

Contraction of the tenia coli lead to saclike structures known as the ______ ____.

A

haustra coli

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26
Q

What is the name given to the bend between the ascending and transverse colon? Between the transverse and descending ?

A
  1. Hepatic flexture

2. Splenic flexture

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27
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta supplying the GI tract?

A
  1. Celiac
  2. Superior mesenteric
  3. Inferior mesenteric
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28
Q

What does the celiac artery supply?

A
  1. liver
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
  4. spleen
  5. duodenum
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29
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
  4. pancreas
  5. cecum
  6. appendix
  7. colon
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30
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  1. colon
  2. rectum
  3. anal canal
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31
Q

___________ plexuses are responsible for supplying the GI tract.

A

pre-vertebral

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32
Q

What do the pre-vertebral plexuses receive input from?

A
  1. pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves (splanchnic)
  2. pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves (pelvis and vagus splanchnics)
  3. Afferent (sensory) visceral nerves
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33
Q

Pre-vertebral plexuses are _______ plexuses formed in front of the abdominal aorta.

A

mixed

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34
Q

_________ fibres will synapse at the level of the pre-vertebral ganglia.

A

sympathetic

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35
Q

__________ fibres only bypass the pre-vertebral ganglia and synapse at the level of target organ within their visceral (enteric) ganglia.

A

parasympathetic

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36
Q

The liver is located in what two areas?

A
  1. right hypochondriac

2. epigastric

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37
Q

What are the two surfaces of the liver?

A
  1. diaphragmatic

2. visceral

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38
Q

The anterior surface of the liver is attached to the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall by the _________ ligament.

A

falciform

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39
Q

The superior surface of the liver is attached to the under surface of diaphragm by the __________ ligaments.

A

coronary

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40
Q

On the visceral surface of the liver, one can find the ________ ________ where blood vessels, nerves, and bile duct enter/ leave.

A

porta hepatis

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41
Q

The ______ lobe of the liver is located beside the gall bladder (inferior and anterior), and the ______ lobe is located superiorly and posteriorly.

A

quadrate; caudate

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42
Q

What three veins collect venous blood before joining together to form the large portal vein?

A
  1. superior mesenteric
  2. inferior mesenteric
  3. splenic
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43
Q

Eventually the venous blood of the liver is drained by the _____ ______ ______.

A

IVC

44
Q

Differences in the blood pressure between the portal and canal systems may lead to __________.

A

varicosis

45
Q

The bile is produced by the ______ and then sent to the __________ to be concentrated.

A

liver; gallbladder

46
Q

What is the order of contributions forming the common bile duct?

A

Right and left hepatic duct –> common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct

47
Q

Where does the common bile duct drain to?

A

second part of the duodenum

48
Q

The pancreas is a mixed gland located behind the stomach, meaning is it both _______ and ________.

A

endocrine; exocrine

49
Q

The head of the pancreas is surrounded by the duodenum and the tail is stretched as far as the ________.

A

spleen

50
Q

Exocrine secretions of the pancreas are released into the second part of the duodenum by the _______ and _______ duct.

A

main; accessory

51
Q

What ribs is the spleen related to?

A

ribs 9-11

52
Q

What are the extremities, borders and surfaces of the spleen?

A
  • Extremities = anterior and posterior
  • Borders = superior and inferior
  • Surfaces = diaphragmatic and visceral
53
Q

The superior border of the spleen is usually _____.

A

notched

54
Q

The visceral/medial surface of the spleen carries the _______.

A

hilum

55
Q

The spleen is an ______-peritoneal organ and is attached to the stomach and ____ kidney by peritoneal ligaments.

A

intra; left

56
Q

The kidneys are located on the ______ abdominal wall, in front of the diaphragm.

A

posterior

57
Q

The superior pole of the kidneys is related to the ______-_______ glands.

A

supra-renal

58
Q

Is kidney is surrounded by a capsule of ______.

A

fat

59
Q

The _____ kidney is located a fewer centimeters lower than the other.

A

right

60
Q

What 3 structures is the R kidney related to ?

A
  1. liver
  2. duodenum
  3. IVC
61
Q

What 3 structures is the L kidney related to?

A
  1. stomach
  2. pancreas
  3. spleen
62
Q

What are the two major parts of the kidney?

A
  1. cortex

2. medulla

63
Q

Extensions of the cortex of the kidney are known as?

A

cortical columns

64
Q

The apex of each renal pyramid is called the _______ and has lots of openings on its top, representing the end of the collecting ducts,

A

papilla

65
Q

Urine is delivered from the ______ to vase shaped spaces known as ____ calyces.

A

papilla; minor

66
Q

Every __-__ minor calyx is received by a major calyx, which eventually drains into what two structures?

A

2-3;

  1. renal pelvis
  2. ureter
67
Q

The ureter is a muscular tube stretching ___cm that starts from the renal pelvis and descends into the ____ pelvis.

A

25; true

68
Q

After entering the true pelvis, the ureter joins the _______-_______ aspect of urinary bladder.

A

postero-superior

69
Q

In what 3 areas do kidney stones usually get stuck?

A
  1. beginning of ureter
  2. end of ureter
  3. when ureter passes over the pelvic inlet
70
Q

The actual pelvic viscera are those anatomical structures located below the _________ ______ _____.

A

superoir pelvic aperture

71
Q

What type of nerve plexuses are located in the pelvis ?

A

somatic and autonomic

72
Q

The distal part of the rectum expands to form the rectal ________.

A

ampula

73
Q

The anal canal is a short (___cm) canal that ends to the anus.

A

4

74
Q

The distal end of the anal canal is surrounded by what two structures ?

A

internal and external sphincters

75
Q

The anal canal passes through the pelvic ________.

A

diaphragm

76
Q

The bladder is a muscular _________ sac located within the true pelvis behind the _____ bones.

A

pyramidal; pubic

77
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the bladder?

A
  1. superior
  2. posterior
    3 and 4. infero lateral
78
Q

The bladder is drained bu the urethra inferiorly at the ____ of the bladder .

A

neck

79
Q

In the female the urethra is embedded in the anterior wall of the _______.

A

vagina

80
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urethra in males?

A
  1. prostatic part
  2. membranous part
  3. spongy part
81
Q

Each testis is composed of _______ _______ surrounded by a thick capsule (_____ _______).

A

seminiferous tubules; tunica albuginea

82
Q

The seminiferous tubules eventually connect to the _________.

A

epididymis

83
Q

The epididymis is a muscular tube (__m) which is continued by the ______ _____.

A

4; ductus deferens

84
Q

The blood vessels, nerves and vas deferens together are referred to as the ______ ______.

A

spermatic cord

85
Q

The _________ ________ are 2 elongated accessory glands located behind the bladder.

A

seminal vesicles

86
Q

The ducts of what two structures join to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

seminal vesicles and ductus deferens

87
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct open into?

A

prostatic urethra

88
Q

The ovaries are attached to the posterior surface of a ligament which is stretched between the ______ surface of the uterus and _______ surface of the pelvic wall.

A

lateral; inner

89
Q

By what two ligaments are the ovaries attached to the uterus by?

A
  1. broad

2. ovarian

90
Q

The ovaries are partially surround by finger like projections called ________ at the end of the uterine tube.

A

fimbria

91
Q

The superior angles of the uterus are connected with ______ ______ and distal end of the cervix.

A

uterine tubes

92
Q

The uterus is a pear shaped organ that consists of a ______ and a ______.

A

body; cervix (neck)

93
Q

The internal cavity of the uterus is continuous with the lumen of the _______ tube and ______.

A

uterine; vagina

94
Q

What is the uterus position mostly stabilized by?

A

round lig. of uterus

95
Q

Each uterine tube has an expanded trumpet shaped end called the _________.

A

infundibulum

96
Q

Medial to the infundibulum, the uterine tube expands to form the _______, and then narrows to form the ______ before joining to form the body of the uterus.

A

ampulla; isthmus

97
Q

Where are ovulated eggs usually fertilized?

A

ampulla

98
Q

The vagina is a _____-______ tube that is approximately how long?

A

fibro-muscular; 7-9

99
Q

The internal/proximal end of the vagina is also called the vaginal _____, and it surround the uterine cervix to form recesses known as ______.

A

vault; fornix

100
Q

The external end of the vagina (________) opens to the external environment,

A

introitus

101
Q

The vaginal canal is usually collapsed (T/F).

A

TRUE

102
Q

The __________ is a serious membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera.

A

peritoneum

103
Q

What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the S.m. I to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

mesentery

104
Q

What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

mesocolon

105
Q

What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the uterus and uterine tube to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

broad ligament

ANAT 392 - Len (25 decks)

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