Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
1
Q
What is the esophagus comprised of?
A
- Alimentary canal
2. Accessory organs (teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.)
2
Q
Esophagus is a __________ tube that extends between the distal end of the laryngopharynx (C___) and stomach (T___).
A
muscular; CVI; TXI
3
Q
Arterial supply for the esophagus comes from branches of the ______ aorta and nerve supply mainly by CN ___.
A
thoracic; X
4
Q
The esophagus has important relations to what 3 structures?
A
- Trachea
- Aortic arch
- Right atrium of heart
5
Q
How long is the esophagus? What other 3 structures have similar length?
A
25cm; stomach; duodenum; ureter
6
Q
In what area of the mediastinum does the esophagus sit?
A
Posterior
7
Q
What level of the T spine does the esophagus pass through
A
T10
8
Q
In what regions of the abdomen is the stomach located?
A
Epigastric and left hypochondriac region
9
Q
What 3 parts can the stomach be subdivided into?
A
- Fundus
- Body
- Pyloric part
10
Q
What are the left and right borders of the stomach known as?
A
Greater and lesser curvatures
11
Q
The entrance and exit of the stomach are guarded by the _______ and _______ respectively.
A
cardia; pylorus
12
Q
What is the capacity of the stomach?
A
1 L
13
Q
What does the duodenum surround?
A
Head of pancreas
14
Q
What are the 4 segments of the duodenum?
A
- Superior
- Descending
- Inferior
- Ascending
15
Q
The ______ segment receives the secretions of the pancreas and bile (liver).
A
second (descending)
16
Q
The inferior vena cava and the aorta pass (anterior/posterior) to the duodenum.
A
POSTERIOR
17
Q
The jejunum makes up the proximal __/5 and the ileum makes up the distal __/5 of the Sm. I.
A
2;3
18
Q
The ______ has a thicker wall, narrower lumen and fewer arteries compared to the _______.
A
jejunum; ileum
19
Q
Chemical digestion mostly takes place in the _______ whereas absorption of nutrients occurs mostly in the ______.
A
jejunum; ileum
20
Q
What does the Lg. I consist of?
A
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
21
Q
What are the 4 parts of the colon?
A
- Ascending
- Transverse
- Descending
- Sigmoid
22
Q
The cecum receives the content of ileum though the _________ valve.
A
ileocecal
23
Q
The appendix is usually attached _____ to the distal end of the cecum.
A
medial
24
Q
In the colon, longitudinal smooth muscles are organized in the form of _____ muscular bundles. These muscles are called ______ _____.
A
3; tenia coli
25
Contraction of the tenia coli lead to saclike structures known as the ______ ____.
haustra coli
26
What is the name given to the bend between the ascending and transverse colon? Between the transverse and descending ?
1. Hepatic flexture
| 2. Splenic flexture
27
What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta supplying the GI tract?
1. Celiac
2. Superior mesenteric
2. Inferior mesenteric
28
What does the celiac artery supply?
1. liver
2. stomach
3. pancreas
4. spleen
5. duodenum
29
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum
4. pancreas
5. cecum
6. appendix
7. colon
30
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
1. colon
2. rectum
3. anal canal
31
___________ plexuses are responsible for supplying the GI tract.
pre-vertebral
32
What do the pre-vertebral plexuses receive input from?
1. pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves (splanchnic)
2. pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves (pelvis and vagus splanchnics)
3. Afferent (sensory) visceral nerves
33
Pre-vertebral plexuses are _______ plexuses formed in front of the abdominal aorta.
mixed
34
_________ fibres will synapse at the level of the pre-vertebral ganglia.
sympathetic
35
__________ fibres only bypass the pre-vertebral ganglia and synapse at the level of target organ within their visceral (enteric) ganglia.
parasympathetic
36
The liver is located in what two areas?
1. right hypochondriac
| 2. epigastric
37
What are the two surfaces of the liver?
1. diaphragmatic
| 2. visceral
38
The anterior surface of the liver is attached to the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall by the _________ ligament.
falciform
39
The superior surface of the liver is attached to the under surface of diaphragm by the __________ ligaments.
coronary
40
On the visceral surface of the liver, one can find the ________ ________ where blood vessels, nerves, and bile duct enter/ leave.
porta hepatis
41
The ______ lobe of the liver is located beside the gall bladder (inferior and anterior), and the ______ lobe is located superiorly and posteriorly.
quadrate; caudate
42
What three veins collect venous blood before joining together to form the large portal vein?
1. superior mesenteric
2. inferior mesenteric
3. splenic
43
Eventually the venous blood of the liver is drained by the _____ ______ ______.
IVC
44
Differences in the blood pressure between the portal and canal systems may lead to __________.
varicosis
45
The bile is produced by the ______ and then sent to the __________ to be concentrated.
liver; gallbladder
46
What is the order of contributions forming the common bile duct?
Right and left hepatic duct --> common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct
47
Where does the common bile duct drain to?
second part of the duodenum
48
The pancreas is a mixed gland located behind the stomach, meaning is it both _______ and ________.
endocrine; exocrine
49
The head of the pancreas is surrounded by the duodenum and the tail is stretched as far as the ________.
spleen
50
Exocrine secretions of the pancreas are released into the second part of the duodenum by the _______ and _______ duct.
main; accessory
51
What ribs is the spleen related to?
ribs 9-11
52
What are the extremities, borders and surfaces of the spleen?
- Extremities = anterior and posterior
- Borders = superior and inferior
- Surfaces = diaphragmatic and visceral
53
The superior border of the spleen is usually _____.
notched
54
The visceral/medial surface of the spleen carries the _______.
hilum
55
The spleen is an ______-peritoneal organ and is attached to the stomach and ____ kidney by peritoneal ligaments.
intra; left
56
The kidneys are located on the ______ abdominal wall, in front of the diaphragm.
posterior
57
The superior pole of the kidneys is related to the ______-_______ glands.
supra-renal
58
Is kidney is surrounded by a capsule of ______.
fat
59
The _____ kidney is located a fewer centimeters lower than the other.
right
60
What 3 structures is the R kidney related to ?
1. liver
2. duodenum
3. IVC
61
What 3 structures is the L kidney related to?
1. stomach
2. pancreas
3. spleen
62
What are the two major parts of the kidney?
1. cortex
| 2. medulla
63
Extensions of the cortex of the kidney are known as?
cortical columns
64
The apex of each renal pyramid is called the _______ and has lots of openings on its top, representing the end of the collecting ducts,
papilla
65
Urine is delivered from the ______ to vase shaped spaces known as ____ calyces.
papilla; minor
66
Every __-__ minor calyx is received by a major calyx, which eventually drains into what two structures?
2-3;
1. renal pelvis
2. ureter
67
The ureter is a muscular tube stretching ___cm that starts from the renal pelvis and descends into the ____ pelvis.
25; true
68
After entering the true pelvis, the ureter joins the _______-_______ aspect of urinary bladder.
postero-superior
69
In what 3 areas do kidney stones usually get stuck?
1. beginning of ureter
2. end of ureter
3. when ureter passes over the pelvic inlet
70
The actual pelvic viscera are those anatomical structures located below the _________ ______ _____.
superoir pelvic aperture
71
What type of nerve plexuses are located in the pelvis ?
somatic and autonomic
72
The distal part of the rectum expands to form the rectal ________.
ampula
73
The anal canal is a short (___cm) canal that ends to the anus.
4
74
The distal end of the anal canal is surrounded by what two structures ?
internal and external sphincters
75
The anal canal passes through the pelvic ________.
diaphragm
76
The bladder is a muscular _________ sac located within the true pelvis behind the _____ bones.
pyramidal; pubic
77
What are the 4 surfaces of the bladder?
1. superior
2. posterior
3 and 4. infero lateral
78
The bladder is drained bu the urethra inferiorly at the ____ of the bladder .
neck
79
In the female the urethra is embedded in the anterior wall of the _______.
vagina
80
What are the 3 parts of the urethra in males?
1. prostatic part
2. membranous part
3. spongy part
81
Each testis is composed of _______ _______ surrounded by a thick capsule (_____ _______).
seminiferous tubules; tunica albuginea
82
The seminiferous tubules eventually connect to the _________.
epididymis
83
The epididymis is a muscular tube (__m) which is continued by the ______ _____.
4; ductus deferens
84
The blood vessels, nerves and vas deferens together are referred to as the ______ ______.
spermatic cord
85
The _________ ________ are 2 elongated accessory glands located behind the bladder.
seminal vesicles
86
The ducts of what two structures join to form the ejaculatory duct?
seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
87
Where does the ejaculatory duct open into?
prostatic urethra
88
The ovaries are attached to the posterior surface of a ligament which is stretched between the ______ surface of the uterus and _______ surface of the pelvic wall.
lateral; inner
89
By what two ligaments are the ovaries attached to the uterus by?
1. broad
| 2. ovarian
90
The ovaries are partially surround by finger like projections called ________ at the end of the uterine tube.
fimbria
91
The superior angles of the uterus are connected with ______ ______ and distal end of the cervix.
uterine tubes
92
The uterus is a pear shaped organ that consists of a ______ and a ______.
body; cervix (neck)
93
The internal cavity of the uterus is continuous with the lumen of the _______ tube and ______.
uterine; vagina
94
What is the uterus position mostly stabilized by?
round lig. of uterus
95
Each uterine tube has an expanded trumpet shaped end called the _________.
infundibulum
96
Medial to the infundibulum, the uterine tube expands to form the _______, and then narrows to form the ______ before joining to form the body of the uterus.
ampulla; isthmus
97
Where are ovulated eggs usually fertilized?
ampulla
98
The vagina is a _____-______ tube that is approximately how long?
fibro-muscular; 7-9
99
The internal/proximal end of the vagina is also called the vaginal _____, and it surround the uterine cervix to form recesses known as ______.
vault; fornix
100
The external end of the vagina (________) opens to the external environment,
introitus
101
The vaginal canal is usually collapsed (T/F).
TRUE
102
The __________ is a serious membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera.
peritoneum
103
What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the S.m. I to the posterior abdominal wall?
mesentery
104
What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall?
mesocolon
105
What is the name of the peritoneum that holds the uterus and uterine tube to the posterior abdominal wall?
broad ligament
