Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Passage of structures between thorax and upper limb/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A
  • Body T1
  • 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilage
  • superior border of manubrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

allows passage of structures between thorax and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A
  • body T12
  • 11th/12th ribs
  • costal cartilage ribs 7-10
  • xiphisterna joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do true ribs connect to sternum (1-7)

A

connect via own cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to false ribs connect to the sternum (8-10)

A

connect indirectly via cartilage of ribs above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do floating ribs connect to sternum (11-12)

A

no connection to thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe a the features of a typical rib

A
  • 3rd - 9th rib
  • wedge shaped head
  • 2 articular facets separated by crest
  • neck connects body and head at tubercle
  • tubercle with articular and non articular parts
  • thin, flat and curved body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe features of the 1st rib (atypical)

A
  • single facet on head
  • only articulates with T1
  • grooves for subclavian vessels on superior surface
  • separated by scalene tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe features of the 2nd rib (atypical)

A
  • rough area on upper surface
  • tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the features of the 10th-12th ribs (atypical)

A
  • single facet on head
  • articulate with single vertebra
  • 11th-12th are short with no neck or tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what joints lie between IV discs

A

2nd degree cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what joints lie between articular facets of vertebrae

A

synovial plane joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of sternocostal joint is at the 1st rib

A

1st degree cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of sternocostal joint is at ribs 2-7

A

synovial plane joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the Interchondral joints of ribs 6-10

A

synovial plane between 6-9
fibrous between 9-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the main muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve - anterior rami C3,4,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the secondary muscles of respiration

A
  • scalene
  • serratus posterior muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what innervates the pectoralis major?

A
  • medial pectoral nerve (ant. rami C8-T1)
  • lateral pectoral nerve (ant rami C5-7)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what innervates the pectoralis minor

A
  • medial pectoral nerve (ant. rami C8-T1)
22
Q

what innervates the external oblique

A
  • ant. rami T7-T12
23
Q

what innervates the rectus abdominus

A
  • ant. rami T7-12
24
Q

what innervates the serratus anterior

A
  • long thoracic nerve (ant. rami C5-7)
25
what innervates the anterior scalenes
- ant. rami C3-7
26
what innervates middle scalenes
- ant. rami C4-7
27
what innervates the posterior scalenes
- ant. rami C5-7
28
what innervates serratus posterior superior
- 2nd-5th intercostal nerves
29
what innervates the serratus posterior inferior
- ant. rami T9-12
30
describe the external intercostal muscles
- fibres pass downwards and forwards - from tubercles of ribs to costochondral junction
31
what innervates the external intercostal muscles
- ant. rami T1-11
32
describe the internal intercostal muscles
- fibres pass down and back - from sternum to angle of ribs
33
what innervates the internal intercostal muscles
intercostal nerves
34
describe the innermost intercostal muscles
- deepest layer - fibres pass down and back - very thin - often incomplete
35
what innervates the innermost intercostal muscles
intercostal nerves
36
describe the subcostal muscles
- deep - near angle of ribs - spans 1-2 intercostal spaces
37
what innervates the subcostal muscles
intercostal nerves
38
describe the transversus thoracis
radiates from sides of sternum to costal cartilages 2-6
39
what innervates the transversus thoracis
intercostal nerves
40
where does the neurovascular plane lie
between internal and innermost intercostal muscles
41
what runs in the costal groove
- intercostal Vein - intercostal Artery - intercostal Nerve (VAN)
42
Where does the 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery arise from
supreme intercostal artery (branch of costocervical trunk from subclavian artery)
43
where does the 3rd-11th (and subcostal 12th) posterior intercostal artery arise from
thoracic aorta
44
where does the 1st-6th anterior intercostal artery arise from
direct from internal thoracic artery
45
where does the 7-9th anterior intercostal artery arise from
musculophrenic artery
46
describe the venous drainage of the right hand side body wall
- 1st intercostal vein directly into right brachiocephalic vein - rest drain directly into azygos vein
47
describe venous drainage of the left hand side body wall
- veins 1-4 drain into left brachiocephalic vein - veins 5-8 drain directly to accessory hemiazygos vein - veins 9-11 drain to hemiazygos vein
48
describe lymphatic drainage of the thoracic wall
- anterior and lateral body wall drains to anterior and pectoral lymph nodes - posterior chest wall drains to axillary nodes
49
describe arterial supply to the breast
- lateral mammary branches from lateral thoracic artery - medial mammary branches from internal thoracic artery
50
describe venous drainage of the breast
- venous drainage by medial and lateral mammary veins
51
describe the lymphatics of the breast
- 75% to axillary nodes - rest to parasternal nodes