Thoracic Wall Flashcards
What is the superior thoracic aperture?
Passage of structures between thorax and upper limb/neck
What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
- Body T1
- 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilage
- superior border of manubrium
What is the inferior thoracic aperture?
allows passage of structures between thorax and abdomen
what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture
- body T12
- 11th/12th ribs
- costal cartilage ribs 7-10
- xiphisterna joint
How do true ribs connect to sternum (1-7)
connect via own cartilage
how to false ribs connect to the sternum (8-10)
connect indirectly via cartilage of ribs above
how do floating ribs connect to sternum (11-12)
no connection to thoracic cage
describe a the features of a typical rib
- 3rd - 9th rib
- wedge shaped head
- 2 articular facets separated by crest
- neck connects body and head at tubercle
- tubercle with articular and non articular parts
- thin, flat and curved body
describe features of the 1st rib (atypical)
- single facet on head
- only articulates with T1
- grooves for subclavian vessels on superior surface
- separated by scalene tubercle
describe features of the 2nd rib (atypical)
- rough area on upper surface
- tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle
describe the features of the 10th-12th ribs (atypical)
- single facet on head
- articulate with single vertebra
- 11th-12th are short with no neck or tubercle
what joints lie between IV discs
2nd degree cartilaginous joints
what joints lie between articular facets of vertebrae
synovial plane joints
what type of sternocostal joint is at the 1st rib
1st degree cartilaginous joint
what type of sternocostal joint is at ribs 2-7
synovial plane joints
describe the Interchondral joints of ribs 6-10
synovial plane between 6-9
fibrous between 9-10
what is the main muscle of respiration
diaphragm
what innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve - anterior rami C3,4,5
what are the secondary muscles of respiration
- scalene
- serratus posterior muscles
what innervates the pectoralis major?
- medial pectoral nerve (ant. rami C8-T1)
- lateral pectoral nerve (ant rami C5-7)